Bilobed placenta
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.
View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Arlene Campos had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Arlene Campos's current disclosures- Bipartite placenta
- Bilobate placenta
- Duplex placenta
- Placentae bilobata
A bilobed placenta also referred to as bipartite placenta, is a variation in placental morphology and refers to a placenta separated into two near equal-sized lobes. If more than two lobes are present, it is termed a trilobed, four-lobed, and so on. If the second lobe is smaller than the main lobe (with the umbilical cord insertion), then the smaller lobe is termed a succenturiate lobe.
On this page:
Epidemiology
The estimated incidence is at up to ~4% of pregnancies.
Associations
Pathology
It is thought to result from localized placental atrophy as a result of poor decidualisation or vascularization of a part of the uterus (dynamic placentation theory) 5.
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
May be sonographically seen as two separate placental discs of nearly equal size. The cord usually attaches to a thin connecting rim of chorionic tissue that bridges the two lobes. Less commonly the cord may insert into one of the lobes.
ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads
Treatment and prognosis
Complications
it carries an increased incidence of type II vasa previa
it may increase the incidence of postpartum hemorrhage due to retained placental tissue
Differential diagnosis
If more than one lobe of the placenta is seen in an antenatal scan consider:
succenturiate lobe: accessory lobe(s) smaller in size than the main lobe
twin pregnancy with two placentas
References
- 1. Fadl S, Moshiri M, Fligner CL, Katz DS, Dighe M. Placental Imaging: Normal Appearance with Review of Pathologic Findings. Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc. 37 (3): 979-998. doi:10.1148/rg.2017160155 - Pubmed
- 2. Kikuchi A, Uemura R, Serikawa T, Takakuwa K, Tanaka K. Clinical Significances of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Prenatal Diagnosis of Vasa Previa in a Woman with Bilobed Placentas. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2011;37(1):75-8. doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01308.x - Pubmed
- 3. Kurt Benirschke MD, Professor Dr med Peter Kaufmann. Pathology of the Human Placenta. (2000) ISBN: 9780387988948 - Google Books
- 4. Fujikura T, Benson R, Driscoll S. The Bipartite Placenta and Its Clinical Features. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1970;107(7):1013-7. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(70)90621-6 - Pubmed
- 5. Rebecca N Baergen. Manual of Pathology of the Human Placenta. (2011) ISBN: 9781441974938 - Google Books
Incoming Links
Related articles: Pathology: Genitourinary
- obstetrics
-
first trimester
- ultrasound findings in early pregnancy
- embryo/fetus
- beta-hCG levels
- confirming intrauterine gestation
- pregnancy of unknown location (PUL)
- first trimester vaginal bleeding
- early structural scan
- aneuploidy testing
-
second trimester
- fetal biometry
- amniotic fluid volume
- fetal morphology assessment
- soft markers
- amnioreduction
- Doppler ultrasound
- nuchal translucency
- 11-13 weeks antenatal scan
- chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis
- other
- placenta
- placental anatomy
- placental developmental abnormalities
- placenta previa
- spectrum of abnormal placental villous adherence
- abnormalities of cord insertion
- abruptio placentae
- placental pathology
- vascular pathologies of placenta
- placental infections
- placental masses
- molar pregnancy
- twin placenta
- miscellaneous
-
first trimester
- gynecology
- acute pelvic pain
- chronic pelvic pain
- uterus
- ovaries
- ovarian follicle
- ovarian torsion
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- ovarian cysts and masses
- paraovarian cyst
- polycystic ovaries
- ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
- post-hysterectomy ovary
- cervix
- fallopian tube
- other
- male genital tract
- prostate gland
- transrectal ultrasound
- prostate tumors
- infections of the prostate
-
prostatitis
- acute bacterial prostatitis
-
chronic prostatitis
- chronic bacterial prostatitis
- chronic prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS)
- asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
- granulomatous prostatitis
- emphysematous prostatitis
- prostatic abscess
-
prostatitis
- benign prostatic hypertrophy
- cystic lesions of the prostate
- prostatic calcification
- prostatic infarction
- testes
-
unilateral testicular lesion
- testicular torsion
- orchitis
- testicular trauma
-
germ cell tumors of the testis
- testicular seminoma
-
non seminomatous germ cell tumors
- mixed germ cell tumor
- yolk sac tumor (endodermal sinus tumor)
- embryonal cell carcinoma
- choriocarcinoma
- testicular teratoma
- testicular epidermoid (teratoma with ectodermal elements only)
- burned out testis tumor
- sex cord / stromal tumors of the testis
- testicular cyst
- testicular lymphoma
- bilateral testicular lesion
- paratesticular lesions
- epididymis
- other
- polyorchidism
- cryptorchidism
- tubular ectasia of the rete testis
- cystadenoma of the rete testis
- testicular sarcoidosis
- testicular tuberculosis
- spermatic cord
- fibrous pseudotumor of the scrotum
- scrotal leiomyosarcoma
- testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs)
- tunica vaginalis testis mesothelioma
- splenogonadal fusion
- testicular vasculitis
- abnormal testicular Doppler flow (differential)
-
unilateral testicular lesion
- penis
- prostate gland
- KUB
- kidneys
- normal renal anatomy
- hydronephrosis
- urolithiasis
- renal masses
- renal cystic disease
- renal infection
- vascular
- trauma
- ureter
- normal ureter anatomy
- ureteral stricture
- ureteral dilatation
- ureteral anomalies
- ureteral tumors
- ureteral trauma
- other
- bladder
- kidneys