Bone within a bone appearance
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Bone within a bone is a descriptive term applied to bones that appear to have another bone within them. There are numerous causes including:
- normal
- thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
(in(neonates and infants) - growth recovery lines (after infancy)
- thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
-
cortical splitting and new periostitis
- sickle cell disease / thalassaemia / Gaucher disease
- chronic osteomyelitis e.g. congenital syphilis, TB
- scurvy
- Caffey disease (infantile cortical hyperostosis)
-
disordered osteoclastic resorption of the bone
autosomal dominantosteopetrosis- bisphosphonates
- abnormal bone metabolism
-
disordered bone growth
- heavy metal
ingestionpoisoning (bismuth, lead, thorium) - hypervitaminosis D
-
Caffey disease(infantile cortical hyperostosis) Gaucher diseaseacromegalypost-radiationcongenital syphilis-
thorotrastThorotrast (ghost vertebrae) - radiotherapy
- heavy metal
-
subcortical osteopenia
- leukaemia, metastases
- Sudeck atrophy
- idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis
- oxalosis (intraosseous crystal deposition)
-
iatrogenic
- bone graft, subcortical bone cement
- bone healing
-
artefact
- double exposure
In light of recent times and popular TV culture a suitable pneumonic to remember the multitude of conditions associated is as follows:
GHOST DRAGON
Growth arrest lines
Heavy metal/Hypoparathryoid/Hypothyroid
Osteopetrosis
Sickle/Scurvy/Syphilis
Thalassamia/TB
Disease of Caffey/Hypervitaminosis D
Disease of Caffey/Hypervitaminosis D
Rickets/Radiation therapy
Acromegaly
Gauchers
Oxalosis
Normal (Thoracic/Lumbar vertebrae in infants)
-<li>thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (in infants)</li>- +<li>thoracic and lumbar vertebrae (neonates and infants)</li>
- +<li>cortical splitting and new periostitis<ul>
-<a href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease">sickle cell disease</a> / <a href="/articles/thalassaemia">thalassaemia</a>- +<a href="/articles/sickle-cell-disease">sickle cell disease</a> / <a href="/articles/thalassaemia">thalassaemia</a> / <a href="/articles/gaucher-disease">Gaucher disease</a>
- +</li>
- +<li>chronic osteomyelitis e.g. <a href="/articles/in-utero-syphilis-infection">congenital syphilis</a>, <a title="TB musculoskeletal manifestations" href="/articles/tuberculosis-musculoskeletal-manifestations-1">TB</a>
- +</li>
- +<li><a title="Hypovitaminosis C (scurvy)" href="/articles/hypovitaminosis-c-scurvy-1">scurvy</a></li>
- +</ul>
-<li><a href="/articles/autosomal-dominant-osteopetrosis">autosomal dominant osteopetrosis</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/paget-disease-bone">Paget's disease of bone</a></li>-<li>heavy metal ingestion (bismuth, <a href="/articles/lead-poisoning-1">lead</a>, thorium)</li>-<li><a href="/articles/hypervitaminosis-d">hypervitaminosis D</a></li>-<li><a href="/articles/gaucher-disease">Gaucher disease</a></li>- +<li>disordered osteoclastic resorption of the bone <ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/autosomal-dominant-osteopetrosis">osteopetrosis</a></li>
- +<li>bisphosphonates</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>abnormal bone metabolism<ul>
- +<li><a href="/articles/paget-disease-bone">Paget disease of bone</a></li>
-<li>post-radiation</li>-<li><a href="/articles/in-utero-syphilis-infection">congenital syphilis</a></li>- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>disordered bone growth<ul>
- +<li>heavy metal poisoning (bismuth, <a href="/articles/lead-poisoning-1">lead</a>, thorium)</li>
- +<li><a href="/articles/hypervitaminosis-d">hypervitaminosis D</a></li>
-<a href="/articles/thorotrast">thorotrast</a> (<a href="/articles/ghost-vertebra">ghost vertebrae</a>)</li>-<li><a href="/articles/oxalosis">oxalosis</a></li>-</ul><p>In light of recent times and popular TV culture a suitable pneumonic to remember the multitude of conditions associated is as follows: <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>- <o:DocumentProperties>- <o:Subject>European Urology Focus, Corrected proof. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2016.06.018</o:Subject>- <o:Author>Anwar R. 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Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Emphasis"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Subtle Reference"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Reference"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" SemiHidden="false"- UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" Name="Bibliography"/>- <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>- </w:LatentStyles>-</xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]>-<style>- /* Style Definitions */-table.MsoNormalTable- {mso-style-name:"Table Normal";- mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;- mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;- mso-style-noshow:yes;- mso-style-priority:99;- mso-style-parent:"";- mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;- mso-para-margin:0cm;- mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;- mso-pagination:widow-orphan;- font-size:12.0pt;- font-family:Cambria;- mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria;- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;- mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria;- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;- mso-ansi-language:EN-US;}-</style>-<![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--></p><p>GHOST DRAGON</p><p><strong>G</strong>rowth arrest lines</p><p><strong>H</strong>eavy metal/Hypoparathryoid/Hypothyroid</p><p><strong>O</strong>steopetrosis</p><p><strong>S</strong>ickle/Scurvy/Syphilis</p><p><strong>T</strong>halassamia/TB</p><p> </p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>- +<a href="/articles/thorotrast">Thorotrast</a> (<a href="/articles/ghost-vertebra">ghost vertebrae</a>)</li>
- +<li>radiotherapy</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>subcortical osteopenia<ul>
- +<li>leukaemia, metastases</li>
- +<li><a title="Sudeck atrophy" href="/articles/complex-regional-pain-syndrome">Sudeck atrophy</a></li>
- +<li>idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis</li>
- +</ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>
- +<a href="/articles/oxalosis">oxalosis</a> (intraosseous crystal deposition)</li>
- +<li>iatrogenic<ul><li>bone graft, subcortical bone cement</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li>bone healing</li>
- +<li>artefact<ul><li>double exposure</li></ul>
- +</li>
- +</ul><p><br><!--StartFragment-->GHOST DRAGON</p><p><strong>G</strong>rowth arrest lines</p><p><strong>H</strong>eavy metal/Hypoparathryoid/Hypothyroid</p><p><strong>O</strong>steopetrosis</p><p><strong>S</strong>ickle/Scurvy/Syphilis</p><p><strong>T</strong>halassamia/TB</p><p><br><strong>D</strong>isease of Caffey/Hypervitaminosis D</p><p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
-<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--></p><p><strong>D</strong>isease of Caffey/Hypervitaminosis D</p><p><strong>R</strong>ickets/Radiation therapy</p><p><strong>A</strong>cromegaly</p><p><strong>G</strong>auchers</p><p><strong>O</strong>xalosis</p><p><strong>N</strong>ormal (Thoracic/Lumbar vertebrae in infants)</p><p><!--EndFragment--></p><p><!--EndFragment--></p><p> </p>- +<![endif]--><!--StartFragment--></p><p><strong>R</strong>ickets/Radiation therapy</p><p><strong>A</strong>cromegaly</p><p><strong>G</strong>auchers</p><p><strong>O</strong>xalosis</p><p><strong>N</strong>ormal (Thoracic/Lumbar vertebrae in infants)</p><p><!--EndFragment--></p><p><!--EndFragment--></p>
Tags changed:
- mnemonic
Systems changed:
- Spine
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