Brunner gland hyperplasia

Last revised by Joshua Yap on 27 Apr 2023

Brunner gland hyperplasia results from a disproportionate overgrowth of Brunner glands in the duodenum as a result of hyperacidity.

Brunner gland hyperplasia begins at the pylorus and extends distally within the first two-thirds of the duodenum. Where the focal growth of hyperplastic cells is greater than 1 cm in diameter, the hyperplastic region is referred to as Brunner gland adenoma.

There are certain morphologic types:

  • diffuse nodular hyperplasia

  • circumscribed nodular hyperplasia (superpapillary portion)

  • single adenomatous hyperplastic polyp (duodenal bulb)

  • multiple nodular filling defects (usually the 1st portion of the duodenum)

  • cobblestoning

  • rarely a single large mass with central ulceration

  • duodenitis: fold thickening with nodularity and erosions are specific findings

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