Callen MS-ADEM criteria

Dr Henry Knipe ◉ ◈ and Dr Marcos Gil Alberto da Veiga ◉ et al.

The Callen MS-ADEM criteria can be useful in differentiating between acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) and multiple sclerosis (MS) in children, as the first attack of immune-mediated demyelination is a frequent diagnostic challenge.

Given the diagnostic challenge, several diagnostic criteria may be used to differentiate, e.g. Barkhof criteria, KIDMUS criteria, Callen MS-ADEM criteria, Callen diagnostic MS criteria. A 2010 study compared these different criteria, with the Callen MS-ADEM criteria ¹ showing the best combination of sensitivity (75%) and specificity (95%)².

Criteria

The proposed criteria can only be applied to distinguish children with the clinical presentation of ADEM from that of a first MS attack.

At least two out of the three following criteria should be fulfilled for MS diagnosis:

absence of a diffuse bilateral lesion pattern
presence of black holes
two periventricular lesions

References

White matter disorders

white matter
normal myelination
terminology
white matter disorders
- demyelination
  - anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis
  - Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)
    - acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP)
    - axonal subtypes
      - acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) (Chinese paralytic syndrome)
      - acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN)
    - regional GBS syndromes
      - Miller Fisher variant
  - chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
  - transverse myelitis
  - tumefactive demyelinating lesions
  - acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
    - Callen MS-ADEM criteria
  - acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM)
  - neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (Devic disease)
    - signs
      - marbled pattern of the corpus callosum
      - longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion (LESCL)
  - multiple sclerosis (MS)
    - McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (current 2017 revision)
      - previous 2016 MAGNIMS consensus
    - signs
    - variants
      - tumefactive multiple sclerosis
      - acute malignant Marburg type
      - Schilder type (diffuse cerebral sclerosis)
      - Balo concentric sclerosis (BCS)
      - opticospinal multiple sclerosis (OSMS)
  - radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS)
  - clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
- astrocytopathies
- leuko-axonopathies
  - early-onset neuronal degenerative disorders
    - GM1 & GM2 gangliosidoses (e.g. Tay Sachs disease)
  - giant axonal neuropathy
  - hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC)
  - hypomyelination with congenital cataract
  - leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
  - hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity
  - Pol III-related leukodystrophies
- leuko-vasculopathies
- microgliopathies
  - CSF1R-related disorders
    - adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia
    - pigmentary ortochromatic leukodystrophy
  - Nasu Hakola disease
- myelin disorders
  - hypomyelination
  - demyelination
    - metachromatic leukodystrophy
  - myelin vacuolisation
    - Canavan disease
    - globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease)
    - mitochondrial disorders
    - multiple sulfatase deficiency
    - phenylketonuria
    - x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy
- other
  - adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
  - cerebrotendinous xanthomathosis
  - cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly
  - L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
  - lysosomal storage diseases
    - free sialic acid storage disorders (e.g. Salla disease)
    - Niemann-Pick disease
  - peroxisomal disorders
    - Zellweger syndrome
  - Sjögren-Larsson syndrome

Article information

rID: 67469

System: Paediatrics, Central Nervous System

Section: Classifications

Tag: cases, refs

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

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