Calyceal microlithiasis or more specifically renal calyceal microlithiasis is defined as <3 mm hyperechoic foci noted within the renal calyces on gray scale ultrasonography 1. It has been considered as a precursor for renal stone formation.
Clinical presentation
The patient may be asymptomatic or may present with abdominal pain, dysuria and/or hematuria.
Pathology
Association
Patients may or may not have hypercalciuria
Radiographic features
Ultrasound
Ultrasound is the first and routinely used investigation to diagnose these tiny hyperechoic foci in the renal calyces.
It should not be used synonymously to Randall's plaque which characteristically have been considered as having >50% surface covered by renal paranchyma and are not in the calyces.
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