Cardiac calcification is a broad term for any calcification affecting the valves, coronary arteries, aortic root, endocardium, myocardium, and/or pericardium.
Pathology
Causes of cardiac calcification are:
- coronary artery disease (most common)
- coronary artery aneurysms, e.g. in Kawasaki disease
-
aortic valve
- commonly secondary to aging
- prematurely in bicuspid aortic valves
- mitral valve and annulus
- myocardium, e.g. post-infarct
- pericardium, e.g. in calcific pericarditis
- calcified thrombus - most common locations include left atrial appendage and LV apex
- calcified true and pseudo aneurysm of the left ventricle
- cardiac fibroma
Each type of calcification has a unique presentation and may help guide patient care, as calcifications have different etiologies, treatments and outcomes.
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