Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Kumar N N, Ismail M, Balasubramanian S, et al. Cauldwell classification. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 10 Dec 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-100288
Cauldwell classification is a commonly used classification 4 in assessing bronchial artery branching patterns. Some studies show that the number and diameter of bronchial arteries, as well as the incidence of ectopic bronchial arteries, is higher in men than in women 5. It is important to aware of the bronchial artery anatomy, especially when doing interventional procedure such as bronchial artery embolization6.
The bronchial artery branching pattern is classified into four types based on the number of intercostobronchial trunks (ICBT) - that give rise to the right bronchial artery and posterior intercostal artery - and bronchial arteries 2:
type l : one right ICBT, two left bronchial arteries
type ll : one right ICBT, one left bronchial artery
type lll : two right (ICBT and right bronchial artery), two left bronchial arteries
type lV : two right (ICBT and right bronchial artery), one left bronchial artery
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History and etymology
Bronchial artery anatomy was studied by an American pathologist Earl W Cauldwell (1916-1959) 3 on human cadavers and published in 1948 1.
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1. Cauldwell E & Siekert R. The Bronchial Arteries; an Anatomic Study of 150 Human Cadavers. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1948;86(4):395-412. - Pubmed
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2. Yener Ö, Türkvatan A, Yüce G, Yener A. The Normal Anatomy and Variations of the Bronchial Arteries: Evaluation with Multidetector Computed Tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015;66(1):44-52. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2014.07.001 - Pubmed
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3. Earl W. Cauldwell 1916–1959. Am J Clin Pathol. 1960;33(6):533.1-533. doi:10.1093/ajcp/33.6.533
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4. Esparza-Hernández C, Ramírez-González J, Cuéllar-Lozano R et al. Morphological Analysis of Bronchial Arteries and Variants with Computed Tomography Angiography. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:9785896. doi:10.1155/2017/9785896 - Pubmed
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5. Yener Ö, Türkvatan A, Yüce G, Yener A. The Normal Anatomy and Variations of the Bronchial Arteries: Evaluation with Multidetector Computed Tomography. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2015;66(1):44-52. doi:10.1016/j.carj.2014.07.001 - Pubmed
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6. Brown, A., & Ray, C. (2012). Anterior Spinal Cord Infarction following Bronchial Artery Embolization. In Seminars in Interventional Radiology (Vol. 29, Issue 03, pp. 241–244). Georg Thieme Verlag KG. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1326936
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