Cavernous venous malformation
Cavernous venous malformation, also traditionally referred to as a cavernous haemangioma (despite it not being a tumour) or cavernomas, are non-neoplastic slow flow venous malformations found in many parts of the body.
Terminology
Despite the ubiquity of use of the traditional terms cavernoma, haemangioma and cavernous haemangioma, they represent outdated and misleading nomenclature no longer recognised in the ISSVA classification of vascular anomalies.
Having said that when reporting it is probably safest to include the 'traditional' term in brackets for clarity, for example, "features are those of a slow flow venous malformation (cavernous venous malformation/cavernoma)"
Regional manifestations
Their radiographic appearance, epidemiology, clinical presentation and treatment are specific to the tissue/organ in which they are found and as such these are discussed individually according to location.
- central nervous system
- head and neck
- chest
- abdominal
- adrenal haemangioma
- hepatic venous malformation (hepatic haemangioma)
- splenic venous malformation (splenic haemangioma)
- retroperitoneal haemangioma
- musculoskeletal
Related articles
Vascular tumours and malformations
-
vascular malformations and tumours
- classifications
- vascular tumours
-
haemangioma
- infantile haemangioma
- congenital haemangiomas (RICH and NICH)
- tufted angioma (with or without Kasabach Merritt syndrome)
- Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma (with or without Kasabach Merritt syndrome)
- spindle cell haemangioendothelioma
- other, rare hemangioendotheliomas
- dermatologic acquired vascular tumors
-
haemangioma
- slow flow vascular malformations
- capillary malformation (CM)
- venous malformation (VM)
- common sporadic venous malformation
-
cavernous venous malformation (cavernoma or cavernous haemangioma)
- cerebral cavernous venous malformation
- orbital cavernous venous malformation
-
hepatic cavernous venous malformation (hepatic haemangioma)
-
atypical hepatic venous malformation (atypical hepatic haemangioma)
- giant hepatic venous malformation (giant hepatic haemangioma)
- flash filling hepatic venous malformation (flash filling hepatic haemangioma)
-
atypical hepatic venous malformation (atypical hepatic haemangioma)
- splenic cavernous venous malformation (splenic haemangioma)
- breast venous malformation (breast haemangioma)
- retroperitoneal venous malformation
- soft tissue venous malformation
- primary intraosseous venous malformation
- cardiac venous malformations
-
cavernous venous malformation (cavernoma or cavernous haemangioma)
- Bean syndrome
- familial cutaneous and mucosal venous malformation
- glomuvenous malformation (glomangioma)
- Maffucci syndrome
- common sporadic venous malformation
- lymphatic malformation (LM)
- fast flow vascular malformations
- arterial malformation
- ectasia
- coarctation
- aneurysm
- arterial malformation
- arteriovenous fistulae (with one or more shunts)
- arteriovenous malformations (with a nidus of multiple shunts)
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