Cerebral edema
Updates to Article Attributes
Cerebral oedema refers to a number of interconnected processes which result in abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma. It is observed in the majority of injuries involving the central nervous system 5.
It has traditionally been broadly divided into vasogenic cerebral oedema and cytotoxic cerebral oedema, the latter a term commonly used to denote both true cytotoxic oedema and ionic oedema 4. In addition, although traditionally not included in discussions on oedema, haemorrhagic transformation can be thought of as an extreme end-stage form of the same processes which lead to oedema.
As such a more precise classification is 3,4:
osmotic cerebral oedema
Special types of oedema to be considered:
transependymal oedema (also known as interstitial cerebral oedema)
Treatment and prognosis
Promising drugs for the pharmacological treatment of cerebral oedema, in any clinical trial phase, include (but are not limited to) 5:
conivaptan (dual antagonist of AVP V1A and V2 receptors)
fingolimod (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator)
celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)
glyburide (antidiabetic sulfonylurea)
human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF)
bevacizumab (humanized monoclonal VEGF-A inhibiting antibody)
cediranib (potent pan-VEGF RTK inhibitor)
-<p><strong>Cerebral oedema</strong> refers to a number of interconnected processes which result in abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma. It is observed in the majority of injuries involving the <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-1" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><p>It has traditionally been broadly divided into <a href="/articles/vasogenic-cerebral-oedema">vasogenic cerebral oedema</a> and <a href="/articles/cytotoxic-cerebral-oedema">cytotoxic cerebral oedema</a>, the latter a term commonly used to denote both true cytotoxic oedema and ionic oedema <sup>4</sup>. In addition, although traditionally not included in discussions on oedema, haemorrhagic transformation can be thought of as an extreme end-stage form of the same processes which lead to oedema. </p><p>As such a more precise classification is <sup>3,4</sup>:</p><ul>-<li>-<p><a href="/articles/cytotoxic-cerebral-oedema">cytotoxic cerebral oedema</a></p>-<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/ionic-cerebral-oedema">ionic cerebral oedema</a> </p></li></ul>-</li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/vasogenic-cerebral-oedema">vasogenic cerebral oedema</a></p></li>-<li><p>osmotic cerebral oedema</p></li>-</ul><p>Special types of oedema to be considered: </p><ul>-<li><p><a href="/articles/transependymal-oedema">transependymal oedema</a> (also known as interstitial cerebral oedema)</p></li>-<li><p><a href="/articles/combined-cerebral-oedema">combined cerebral oedema</a></p></li>-</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Promising drugs for the pharmacological treatment of cerebral oedema, in any clinical trial phase, include (but are not limited to) <sup>5</sup>:</p><ul>-<li><p>conivaptan (dual antagonist of AVP V<sub>1</sub>A and V<sub>2</sub> receptors)</p></li>-<li><p>fingolimod (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator)</p></li>-<li><p>celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)</p></li>-<li><p>glyburide (antidiabetic sulfonylurea)</p></li>-<li><p>human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF)</p></li>-<li><p>bevacizumab (humanized monoclonal VEGF-A inhibiting antibody)</p></li>-<li><p>cediranib (potent pan-VEGF RTK inhibitor)</p></li>- +<p><strong>Cerebral oedema</strong> refers to a number of interconnected processes which result in abnormal shifts of water across various compartments of the brain parenchyma. It is observed in the majority of injuries involving the <a href="/articles/central-nervous-system-1" title="Central nervous system">central nervous system</a> <sup>5</sup>.</p><p>It has traditionally been broadly divided into <a href="/articles/vasogenic-cerebral-oedema">vasogenic cerebral oedema</a> and <a href="/articles/cytotoxic-cerebral-oedema">cytotoxic cerebral oedema</a>, the latter a term commonly used to denote both true cytotoxic oedema and ionic oedema <sup>4</sup>. In addition, although traditionally not included in discussions on oedema, haemorrhagic transformation can be thought of as an extreme end-stage form of the same processes which lead to oedema. </p><p>As such a more precise classification is <sup>3,4</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li>
- +<p><a href="/articles/cytotoxic-cerebral-oedema">cytotoxic cerebral oedema</a></p>
- +<ul><li><p><a href="/articles/ionic-cerebral-oedema">ionic cerebral oedema</a> </p></li></ul>
- +</li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/vasogenic-cerebral-oedema">vasogenic cerebral oedema</a></p></li>
- +<li><p>osmotic cerebral oedema</p></li>
- +</ul><p>Special types of oedema to be considered: </p><ul>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/transependymal-oedema">transependymal oedema</a> (also known as interstitial cerebral oedema)</p></li>
- +<li><p><a href="/articles/combined-cerebral-oedema">combined cerebral oedema</a></p></li>
- +</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Promising drugs for the pharmacological treatment of cerebral oedema, in any clinical trial phase, include (but are not limited to) <sup>5</sup>:</p><ul>
- +<li><p>conivaptan (dual antagonist of AVP V<sub>1</sub>A and V<sub>2</sub> receptors)</p></li>
- +<li><p>fingolimod (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator)</p></li>
- +<li><p>celecoxib (COX-2 inhibitor)</p></li>
- +<li><p>glyburide (antidiabetic sulfonylurea)</p></li>
- +<li><p>human corticotropin-releasing factor (hCRF)</p></li>
- +<li><p>bevacizumab (humanized monoclonal VEGF-A inhibiting antibody)</p></li>
- +<li><p>cediranib (potent pan-VEGF RTK inhibitor)</p></li>
Image 1 CT (C+ delayed) ( update )
Image 2 CT (non-contrast) ( create )
Image 3 CT (non-contrast) ( create )
