Chandler classification of orbital infections

Changed by Patrick J Rock, 12 May 2021

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Chandler classification is the most commonly used system for dividing the different types of orbital cellulitis. The system describes five stages 1,2:

  • stage I: preseptal orbital cellulitis with inflammation and edema anterior to the orbital septum.
  • stage II: orbital cellulitis with extension of the inflammation and edema beyond the orbital septum. 
  • stage III: subperiosteal abscess beneath the periosteum of lamina papyracea.
  • stage IV: orbital abscess and purulent collection within orbit. 
  • stage V: cavernous sinus thrombosis after posterior extension of the infection through the superior ophthalmic veins.
  • -<p><strong>Chandler classification</strong> is the most commonly used system for dividing the different types of <a title="Orbital cellulitis" href="/articles/orbital-infection">orbital cellulitis</a>. The system describes five stages <sup>1,2</sup> :</p><ul>
  • +<p><strong>Chandler classification</strong> is the most commonly used system for dividing the different types of <a href="/articles/orbital-infection">orbital cellulitis</a>. The system describes five stages <sup>1,2</sup>:</p><ul>

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  • Classifications

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