Chandler classification of orbital infections
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Chandler classification is the most commonly used system for dividing the different types of orbital cellulitis. The system describes five stages 1,2:
- stage I: preseptal orbital cellulitis with inflammation and edema anterior to the orbital septum.
- stage II: orbital cellulitis with extension of the inflammation and edema beyond the orbital septum.
- stage III: subperiosteal abscess beneath the periosteum of lamina papyracea.
- stage IV: orbital abscess and purulent collection within orbit.
- stage V: cavernous sinus thrombosis after posterior extension of the infection through the superior ophthalmic veins.
-<strong>stage III</strong>: <a title="Subperiosteal abscess of the orbit" href="/articles/subperiosteal-abscess-of-the-orbit">subperiosteal abscess</a> beneath the periosteum of lamina papyracea.</li>- +<strong>stage III</strong>: <a href="/articles/subperiosteal-abscess-of-the-orbit">subperiosteal abscess</a> beneath the periosteum of lamina papyracea.</li>
-<strong>stage V</strong>: <a title="Cavernous sinus thrombosis" href="/articles/cavernous-sinus-thrombosis">cavernous sinus thrombosis</a> after posterior extension of the infection through the superior ophthalmic veins.</li>- +<strong>stage V</strong>: <a href="/articles/cavernous-sinus-thrombosis">cavernous sinus thrombosis</a> after posterior extension of the infection through the superior ophthalmic veins.</li>
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