Chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is a relatively rare clonal haematologic disorder. In the World Health Organizatiοn classification, it is listed as a disorder with features of both myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms.
On this page:
Clinical presentation
Can be variable but many patients tend to present with fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats.
Pathology
It is usually characterised by accumulation of monocytes in the blood and bone marrow, dysplastic haematopoiesis.
The diagnosis is characterised by:
- peripheral monocytosis (>1x109/L)
- absence of Philadelphia chromosome and BCR/ABL fusion gene
- fewer than 20% lymphoblasts in the blood or bone marrow
- dysplasia involving one or more myeloid lineages
Types
Two types of CMML have been described.
- type 1: has less than 5% blasts (immature blood cells)
- type 2: has between 5-20% blasts in the blood
Treatment and prognosis
The clinical course is variable. There is potential for leukaemic involvement of organs. Blood transfusions and erythropoietin (EPO) administration may play a role in correcting low haemoglobin levels in cases with anaemia.
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.