Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Bawazeer A, Campos A, Knipe H, et al. Congenital absence of the cruciate ligaments. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 25 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-75457
Congenital absence of the cruciate ligaments is a rare condition, most of the knowledge being collated from case reports.
Epidemiology
Its prevalence is reported at 0.017 per 1000 live births 1,5.
Associations
The following features may also be present 2,3,5:
- lateral femoral condyle hypoplasia
- tibial intercondylar spines hypoplasia
- absent/abnormal meniscus
- congenital femoral shortening
- defects in the fibular head and its associated muscles
- patellar dislocation
Pathology
Combined congenital absence of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments is a rare condition. The isolated congenital absence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), while rare, is more common than the isolated absence of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), which is usually associated with the absence of the ACL 2.
Classification
- type I: hypoplastic or aplastic ACL and normal PCL
- type II: aplastic ACL in combination with a hypoplastic PCL
- type III: both cruciate ligaments are aplastic 4,5
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1. Johansson E & Aparisi T. Congenital Absence of the Cruciate Ligaments: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;(162):108-11. - Pubmed
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2. da Gama Malchér M, Bruno A, Grisone B, Bernardelli G, Pietrogrande L. Isolated Congenital Absence of Posterior Cruciate Ligament? A Case Report. Chir Organi Mov. 2008;92(2):105-7. doi:10.1007/s12306-008-0044-5 - Pubmed
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3. Silva A & Sampaio R. Anterior Lateral Meniscofemoral Ligament with Congenital Absence of the ACL. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19(2):192-5. doi:10.1007/s00167-010-1199-9 - Pubmed
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4. Wiesmann U, DiDonato S, Herschkowitz N. Effect of Chloroquine on Cultured Fibroblasts: Release of Lysosomal Hydrolases and Inhibition of Their Uptake. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1975;66(4):1338-43. doi:10.1016/0006-291x(75)90506-9 - Pubmed
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5. Berruto M, Gala L, Usellini E, Duci D, Marelli B. Congenital Absence of the Cruciate Ligaments. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2012;20(8):1622-5. doi:10.1007/s00167-011-1816-2 - Pubmed
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