Cranial nerve enhancement

Enhancement of cranial nerves has a lenghy differential including ^1-2:

• infection
  • mycobacterial: tuberculosis, leprosy
  • bacterial: mycoplasma
  • spirochetes: Lyme disease, syphilis
  • viruses: e.g. herpes zoster virus, influenza virus, human herpesvirus 1 (HHV1) ³
  • funguses
  • parasites
• granulomatous / agiopathic
  • sarcoidosis
  • granulomatosis with polyangiitis
  • Churg-Strauss syndrome
  • Behçet's syndrome
  • inflammatory granulomatosis
  • idiopathic granulomatosis
• demyelination / post infective
  • multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • Bell palsy
  • Ramsay Hunt syndrome
  • ophthalmoplegic migraine
  • polyneuritides
• Guillain–Barré syndrome and variants : facial nerve ^1,4
  • Miller Fischer syndrome
  • polyneuritis cranialis
• chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) ⁴
• neoplastic
  • primary
    • schwannoma
    • neurofibroma
  • secondary
    • CSF seeding
      • carcinomatosis
      • gliomas
    • infiltration by lymphoma / leukemia / mulitple myeloma
• hereditary
  • Dejerine-Sottas disease
  • Krabbe disease
  • metachromatic leukodystrophy ²
  • hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (HMSN) ⁴
    • Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease ⁴
• iatrogenic
  • radiotherapy / radiation / gamma knife ⁵
  • surgery / trauma
  • toxins
  • drugs
• idiopathic
  • Tolosa-Hunt syndrome
  • idiopathic pachymeningitis