Demyelinating disorders
Last revised by Rohit Sharma on 29 Mar 2024
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Jones J, Sharma R, Rezaee A, et al. Demyelinating disorders. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://radiopaedia.org/articles/15594
DOI:
-
Permalink:
rID:
15594
Article created:
28 Oct 2011,
Jeremy Jones ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures
Last revised:
29 Mar 2024,
Rohit Sharma ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Rohit Sharma had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Rohit Sharma's current disclosures
Revisions:
10 times, by
6 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Synonyms:
- Demyelinating disease
- Demyelinating diseases
- Demyelinating disorder
Demyelinating disorders are a subgroup of white matter disorders characterized by the destruction or damage of normally myelinated structures. These disorders may be inflammatory, infective, ischemic or toxic in origin and include 1-7:
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autoimmune demyelination
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viral demyelination
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toxic or metabolic demyelination
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mechanical demyelination due to compression
Vascular pathologies, e.g. causes of cerebral small vessel disease, can also result in demyelination secondary to ischemic processes 7. However, they are generally not traditionally considered as being 'demyelinating disorders'.
References
- 1. Simon JH, Li D, Traboulsee A et-al. Standardized MR imaging protocol for multiple sclerosis: Consortium of MS Centers consensus guidelines. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2006;27 (2): 455-61. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 2. Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH et-al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain. 1997;120 ( Pt 6) : 1085-96. doi:10.1093/brain/120.6.1085 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Brown KL, Gossner A, Mok S et-al. The Effects of Host Age on the Transport of Complement-Bound Complexes to the Spleen and the Pathogenesis of Intravenous Scrapie Infection. Brain. 2011;doi:10.1128/JVI.05581-11 - Pubmed citation
- 4. Given CA, Stevens BS, Lee C. The MRI appearance of tumefactive demyelinating lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182 (1): 195-9. AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 5. Howard SA, Barletta JA, Klufas RA et-al. Best cases from the AFIP: osmotic demyelination syndrome. Radiographics. 29 (3): 933-8. doi:10.1148/rg.293085151 - Pubmed citation
- 6. Love S. Demyelinating diseases. J. Clin. Pathol. 2006;59 (11): 1151-9. doi:10.1136/jcp.2005.031195 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 7. Sarbu N, Shih RY, Jones RV et-al. White Matter Diseases with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation. Radiographics. 2016;36 (5): 1426-47. doi:10.1148/rg.2016160031 - Pubmed citation
- 8. Wardlaw JM, Smith EE, Biessels GJ, Cordonnier C, Fazekas F, Frayne R, Lindley RI, O'Brien JT, Barkhof F, Benavente OR, Black SE, Brayne C, Breteler M, Chabriat H, DeCarli C, de Leeuw FE, Doubal F, Duering M, Fox NC, Greenberg S, Hachinski V, Kilimann I, Mok V, Oostenbrugge Rv, Pantoni L, Speck O, Stephan BCM, Teipel S, Viswanathan A, Werring D, Chen C, Smith C, van Buchem M, Norrving B, Gorelick PB, Dichgans M. Neuroimaging standards for research into small vessel disease and its contribution to ageing and neurodegeneration. The Lancet Neurology. 12 (8): 822-838. doi:doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70124-8 - Pubmed
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Neurobrucellosis
- Pancake sign
- Leukodystrophies
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- Dysmyelinating disorders
- Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
- Tick-borne encephalitis
- Opticospinal multiple sclerosis
- Cerebral ring enhancing lesions (mnemonic)
- Multiple sclerosis
- White matter disorders
Cases:
- Multiple sclerosis of the brain and cervical cord
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
- Baló concentric sclerosis
- Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- Multiple sclerosis
- Balo concentric sclerosis
- Toxic leukoencephalopathy
- Multiple sclerosis
- Multiple sclerosis with Lhermitte-Duclos disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Acute malignant Marburg type multiple sclerosis
- Active multiple sclerosis
Related articles: White matter disorders
- white matter
- normal myelination
- terminology
-
white matter disorders
-
demyelination
- anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis
- Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)
- chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP)
- transverse myelitis
- tumefactive demyelinating lesions
- acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis (AHEM)
- neuromyelitis optica (NMO) (Devic disease)
-
multiple sclerosis (MS)
-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (current 2017 revision)
- previous 2016 MAGNIMS consensus
- signs
- variants
-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (current 2017 revision)
- radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS)
- clinically isolated syndrome (CIS)
- astrocytopathies
- leukoaxonopathies
- early-onset neuronal degenerative disorders
- giant axonal neuropathy
- hypomyelination with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum (H-ABC)
- hypomyelination with congenital cataract
- leukoencephalopathy with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation
- hypomyelination with brainstem and spinal cord involvement and leg spasticity
- pol III-related leukodystrophies
- leukovasculopathies
- CADASIL
- CARASIL
- cathepsin A-related arteriopathy with strokes and leukoencephalopathy (CARASAL)
- cerebral amyloid angiopathy
- COL4A1 brain small-vessel disease
- Fabry disease
- heterozygous HTRA1-related cerebral small vessel disease
- leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (Labrun syndrome)
- pontine autosomal dominant microangiopathy with leukoencephalopathy (PADMAL)
- retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S)
- microgliopathies
- myelin disorders
- hypomyelination
- demyelination
- myelin vacuolisation
- other
- adult polyglucosan body disease
- adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy
- cerebrotendinous xanthomathosis
- cystic leukoencephalopathy without megalencephaly
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria
-
lysosomal storage diseases
- free sialic acid storage disorders (e.g. Salla disease)
- Niemann-Pick disease
- peroxisomal disorders
- Sjögren-Larsson syndrome
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demyelination
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