Dengue encephalitis
Disclosures
- updated 17 Aug 2022:
Nothing to disclose
Updates to Article Attributes
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was changed:
Dengue encephalitis is a rare condition resulting from direct involvement of the central nervous system by the dengue virus, it is one of many viral encephalitides and flavivirus encephalitides.
Epidemiology
Dengue infection, and thus dengue encephalitis, predominately occurs in tropical and subtropical areas. of the world 1.
Clinical Presentationpresentation
Dengue encephalitis presents similar to other forms of encephalitis with non-specific symptoms such as headache, seizures and altered level of consciousness.
Pathology
Dengue virus is a mosquito-transmitted RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirusflavivirus genus. ThereThere are four serotypes, designated DENV1-DENV-4. 1 The. The serotypes most commonly implicated in neurologic manifestations of dengue virus infection are DENV2 and DENV-3. 2.
Radiographic Featuresfeatures
CT
-
hyperattenuating intraparenchymal foci representing spontaneous macrohaemorrhages1
MRI
-
T2-
hyperintense lesions involvingDengue encephalitis typically involves the basal ganglia, thalami, cortical grey matter, and subcortical and deep white matterare the classical features of dengue encephalitis. Rarely,usually with associated oedema -
rarely, similarlesions are found in atypical locations such as the brainstem (particularly the substantia nigra), cerebellum, and hippocampus 1.CT
- hyperattenuating intraparenchymal foci representing spontaneous macrohaemorrhages 1
MRI
- T2: hyperintense
- DWI/ADC: affected regions demonstrate restricted diffusion in most cases 1
- SWI: microhaemorrhages are commonly seen 1
Differential
Diagnosisdiagnosis-
acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
- haemorrhage is uncommon 1
- the timing between the CNS manifestations and lesions and the febrile illness may assist in differentiating dengue encephalitis from ADEM - with dengue encephalitis manifesting during the febrile period and ADEM occurring after resolution of the acute illness 1
-
Japanese encephalitis
- haemorrhagic findings, although described, are less common 1
- other flavivirus encephalitides
-
herpes simplex encephalitis
- usually spares the basal ganglia 1
-
-<p><strong>Dengue encephalitis</strong> is a rare condition resulting from direct involvement of the central nervous system by the dengue virus. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p><a href="/articles/dengue-fever">Dengue</a> infection, and thus dengue encephalitis, predominately occurs in tropical and subtropical areas. <sup>1</sup> </p><h4>Clinical Presentation</h4><p>Dengue encephalitis presents similar to other forms of encephalitis with non-specific symptoms such as headache, seizures and altered level of consciousness. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Dengue virus is a mosquito-transmitted RNA virus belonging to the <em>Flavivirus </em>genus. There are four serotypes, designated DENV1-DENV-4. <sup>1</sup> The serotypes most commonly implicated in neurologic manifestations of dengue virus infection are DENV2 and DENV-3. <sup>2</sup></p><h4>Radiographic Features</h4><p><strong>CT</strong></p><ul><li>hyperattenuating intraparenchymal foci representing spontaneous macrohaemorrhages <sup>1</sup>-</li></ul><p><strong>MRI</strong></p><ul>- +<p><strong>Dengue encephalitis</strong> is a rare condition resulting from direct involvement of the central nervous system by the dengue virus, it is one of many <a href="/articles/viral-encephalitides">viral encephalitides</a> and <a href="/articles/flavivirus-encephalitis">flavivirus encephalitides</a>. </p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p><a href="/articles/dengue-fever">Dengue</a> infection and dengue encephalitis, predominately occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world <sup>1</sup>. </p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>Dengue encephalitis presents similar to other forms of encephalitis with non-specific symptoms such as headache, seizures and altered level of consciousness. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>Dengue virus is a mosquito-transmitted RNA virus belonging to the <em>flavivirus </em>genus. There are four serotypes, designated DENV1-DENV-4 <sup>1</sup>. The serotypes most commonly implicated in neurologic manifestations of dengue virus infection are DENV2 and DENV-3 <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Dengue encephalitis typically involves the basal ganglia, thalami, cortical grey matter, and subcortical and deep white matter. Rarely, lesions are found in atypical locations such as the brainstem (particularly the substantia nigra), cerebellum, and hippocampus <sup>1</sup>.</p><h5>CT</h5><ul><li>hyperattenuating intraparenchymal foci representing spontaneous macrohaemorrhages <sup>1</sup>
- +</li></ul><h5>MRI</h5><ul>
-<strong>T2</strong><ul>-<li>hyperintense lesions involving the basal ganglia, thalami, cortical grey matter, and subcortical and deep white matter are the classical features of dengue encephalitis, usually with associated oedema</li>-<li>rarely, similar lesions are found in atypical locations such as the brainstem (particularly the substantia nigra), cerebellum, and hippocampus <sup>1</sup>-</li>-</ul>-</li>- +<strong>T2:</strong> hyperintense</li>
-<strong>SWI: </strong>microhaemorrhages are commonly seen <sup>1</sup>- +<strong>SWI: </strong><a href="/articles/cerebral-microhaemorrhage">microhaemorrhages</a> are commonly seen <sup>1</sup>
-</ul><h4>Differential Diagnosis</h4><ul>- +</ul><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>
- +<li>other <a href="/articles/flavivirus-encephalitis">flavivirus encephalitides</a>
- +</li>
Systems changed:
- Central Nervous System
Images Changes:
Image 1 MRI (T2) ( update )
Caption
was added:
Case 1
Image 2 MRI (FLAIR) ( create )
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