The presence of skeletal muscle edema (increased high T2/STIR signal) on MRI carries an extremely broad differential. Potential diagnoses include:
- trauma
- effects of direct injury or tear
- denervation injury: denervation changes in muscles
- early myositis ossificans
- inflammatory myopathies
- infective myositis including pyomyositis and viral myositis
- inherited myopathies (e.g. Duchenne muscular dystrophy, sarcoglycanopathies, or dysferlinopathies)
- infiltrating neoplasm, e.g. muscle lymphoma
- acute or subacute phase of autoimmune neuropathy, e.g. Parsonage-Turner syndrome (in the shoulder)
-
rhabdomyolysis
- drug-induced
- intravenous heparin therapy
- trauma
- burns
- toxins
- autoimmune inflammation
- vascular causes
-
muscle infarction
- microvascular disease, e.g. diabetes mellitus
- Behçet disease
- sickle cell crisis
-
muscle infarction
- overuse
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