A diffuse homogeneous bone marrow FDG uptake usually reflects hyperplastic bone marrow which can be seen in the following conditions:
-
therapy-related
- granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
- post-chemotherapy
- erythropoietin
-
pathological process
- myelodysplastic syndromes
- beta-thalassemia
- chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
- interleukins in pyrexic states
- cytokines in tumors
- diffuse marrow metastases (less likely)
- severe anemia (hyperplastic marrow)