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Electromagnetic induction

Andrew Murphy ◉ and Dr Zach Drew et al.

Electromagnetic induction is the induction of electric current via changing magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are generated by moving charges (equivalent to electrical current). Ampere’s law or Fleming’s right hand rule determines the magnitude and direction (i.e. clockwise or anti-clockwise) of the magnetic field with respect to the direction of the flow of current. That is, if you point your right thumb in the direction of the current, the magnetic field will follow the curve of your fingers.

Changing magnetic fields can induce an electric current. When a magnet is moved in and out of a closed circuit, an oscillating current is produced which ceases the moment the magnet stops moving. This is explained by Faraday’s law of induction. The change in magnetic flux through a closed circuit induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the circuit. The EMF drives a current in the circuit.

The laws of electromagnetic induction state that the induced EMF is:

proportional to the rate of change of magnetic field and the area of the circuit
in a direction so that it opposes the change in magnetic field which causes it (Lenz’s law)

In relation to MRI, the spinning charge of hydrogen protons cause the magnetic field surrounding it, and the movement of net magnetization vector across the area of the receiver coil induces an electric current in the coil.

References

Physics and Imaging Technology: MRI

MRI (introduction)
MRI physics
MRI hardware
signal processing
MRI pulse sequences (basics | abbreviations | parameters)
MR angiography (and venography)
- contrast-enhanced MRA
- non-contrast-enhanced MRA
  - phase contrast imaging
  - time of flight angiography
  - TRICKS
MR spectroscopy (MRS)
- 2-hydroxyglutarate peak: resonates at 2.25 ppm
- alanine peak: resonates at 1.48 ppm
- choline peak: resonates at 3.2 ppm
- citrate peak: resonates at 2.6 ppm
- creatine peak: resonates at 3.0 ppm
- functional MRI (fMRI)
  - BOLD imaging
- gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) peak: resonates at 2.2-2.4 ppm
- glutamine-glutamate peak: resonates at 2.2-2.4 ppm
- Hunter's angle
- lactate peak: resonates at 1.3 ppm
- lipids peak: resonates at 1.3 ppm
- myoinositol peak: resonates at 3.5 ppm
- MR fingerprinting
- N-acetylaspartate (NAA) peak: resonates at 2.0 ppm
MRI artifacts
- MRI hardware and room shielding
- MRI software
- patient and physiologic motion
- tissue heterogeneity and foreign bodies
- Fourier transform and Nyquist sampling theorem
MRI contrast agents
MRI safety
- magnetic shielding

Article information

rID: 60739

Section: Physics

Tag: refs, physics, mri

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

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