Di Muzio B, Machang'a K, Niknejad M, et al. End-stage renal disease. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 31 May 2023) https://radiopaedia.org/articles/37570?iframe=true
End-stage renal disease, also referred as end-stage renal failure or end-stage kidney disease, corresponds to the last stage of chronic kidney disease (stage 5), when the kidneys' function is no longer sufficient to sustain life (GFR <15 mL/min/1.73m2) and kidney replacement therapy (dialysis or transplant) is required.
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