Facial bones (reverse Waters)
Last revised by Andrew Murphy on 23 Mar 2023
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Murphy A, Er A, Hacking C, et al. Facial bones (reverse Waters). Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 29 Mar 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-59936
Permalink:
rID:
59936
Article created:
1 May 2018,
Andrew Murphy ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Andrew Murphy had no recorded disclosures.
View Andrew Murphy's current disclosures
Last revised:
23 Mar 2023,
Andrew Murphy ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Andrew Murphy had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Andrew Murphy's current disclosures
Revisions:
6 times, by
4 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Synonyms:
- acanthioparietal projection
The reverse Waters view is a modified alternative to the Waters view. However, skull radiographs are rapidly becoming obsolete in general, being replaced by much more sensitive CT scans.
On this page:
Indications
- trauma
- facial fractures
- acute sinusitis
Patient position
- the patient is supine
- the mid-sagittal plane is perpendicular to the image receptor
Technical factors
- acanthioparietal projection
-
centring point
- acanthion
- central beam angled 30° cephalad to be running parallel to the mentomeatal line
-
collimation
- superior to the skin margins
- inferior to include the most inferior aspects of the skull
- lateral to include the skin margin
-
orientation
- portrait
-
detector size
- 24 cm x 30 cm
-
exposure
- 75-80 kVp
- 20-25 mAs
-
SID
- 100 cm
-
grid
- yes (this can vary departmentally)
Image technical evaluation
- orbits are magnified
- petrous ridges are projected below the maxillary sinus
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Practical points
- learn your skull positioning lines, it makes for reading position guides a lot easier
- this projection results in distorted anatomy and should hence only be used on patients unable to stand up
References
- 1. Jr RBJ, FACR BJMMDP, Osborn AG et-al. Diagnostic Imaging: Emergency: Published by Amirsys. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN:1931884765. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
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