Gastric outlet obstruction

Gastric outlet obstruction, also known as pyloric obstruction, occurs when a disease or condition blocks the normal emptying of the stomach.

Pathology

Etiology

Gastric outlet obstruction can be due to malignant or benign causes.

Malignant

• adenocarcinoma (second most common ⁴)

• GIST

• lymphoma (less common than other malignancies as it is a "soft" tumor ¹)

• metastases

Benign

• duodenal or gastric peptic ulcers (most common ^3,4)

• pancreatic pseudocysts

• gastric varices

• granulomatous disease, e.g. Crohn disease, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis

• gallstones (Bouveret syndrome): rare

• strictures, e.g. from caustic substance ingestion

• gastric antral web

• gastric volvulus ⁵

• Rapunzel syndrome

See also

• pyloric stenosis