Gluten-related disorders are a collection of conditions that are the result of a reaction to the consumption of gluten a protein found in wheat, barley and rye 1.
Gluten-related disorders can be broadly divided into 1,2:
- celiac disease: most common and most widely recognized
- wheat allergy
- non-celiac gluten sensitivity
On this page:
Celiac disease
Celiac disease is a T-cell mediate autoimmune response to gluten-derived polypeptides resulting in a small bowel enteropathy (see celiac disease article).
Many non-gastrointestinal manifestations are, however, also recognized including cerebellar ataxia and polyneuropathy 1,2.
Wheat allergy
Wheat allergies are due to IgE antibodies and manifestations will depend on the route of exposure: oral ingestion results in wheat food allergy, inhalation may result in baker's asthma or baker's rhinitis or even a hypersensitivity pneumonitis 2,3.
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity
This is a poorly defined term but generally refers to the manifestations of a variety of symptoms following gluten exposure that are not, however, immune or allergy-mediated 2.
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