Goiter
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Goitre refers to enlargement of the thyroid gland. It can occur from multiple conditions.
The definition of a goitre depends on age and sex; below are the upper limits of normal for thyroid gland volume 1:
- adult males: 25 mL
- adult females: 18 mL
- 13-14 years: 8-10 mL
- 3-4 years: 3 mL
- neonate: 0.8-1.5 mL
Epidemiology
The prevalence of goitre varies widely depending on the level of iodine deficiency. In severely iodine deficient areas the prevalence may be as a high as 80%. Goitre is more common in women (M:F = 1:4) and incidence declines with age 5.
Pathology
The thyroid gland may become so enlarged that it becomes a substernal goitre.
Aetiology
The cause of goitre is diverse 2,3:
- non-toxic simple goitre (e.g. from iodine deficiency)
- multinodular goitre
- Hashimoto
thyroiditisthyroiditis - Graves' disease
- thyroid cancer
- goitrogens
- drugs: lithium, amiodarone, etc
- diet: cabbage, sprouts, etc
- depositional disease, e.g. amyloidosis
History and etymology
"Goitre" derives from the old Frenchgoitron ‘gullet,’ based on Latinguttur ‘throat.’
Differential diagnosis
See main article: midline neck mass.
-</ul><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The prevalence of goitre varies widely depending on the level of iodine deficiency. In severely iodine deficient areas the prevalence may be as a high as 80%. Goitre is more common in women (M:F = 1:4) and incidence declines with age <sup>5</sup>. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The thyroid gland may become so enlarged that it becomes a <a href="/articles/substernal-goitre-1">substernal goitre</a>.</p><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>The cause of goitre is diverse <sup>2,3</sup>:</p><ul>- +</ul><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The prevalence of goitre varies widely depending on the level of iodine deficiency. In severely iodine deficient areas the prevalence may be as a high as 80%. Goitre is more common in women (M:F = 1:4) and incidence declines with age <sup>5</sup>.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>The thyroid gland may become so enlarged that it becomes a <a href="/articles/substernal-goitre-1">substernal goitre</a>.</p><h5>Aetiology</h5><p>The cause of goitre is diverse <sup>2,3</sup>:</p><ul>
-<li><a href="/articles/hashimoto-thyroiditis">Hashimoto thyroiditis</a></li>- +<li><a href="/articles/hashimoto-thyroiditis">Hashimoto thyroiditis</a></li>
-</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>"Goitre" derives from the old French <em>goitron</em> ‘gullet,’ based on Latin <em>guttur</em> ‘throat.’</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>See main article: <a href="/articles/midline-neck-mass">midline neck mass</a>. </p>- +</ul><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>"Goitre" derives from the old French <em>goitron</em> ‘gullet,’ based on Latin <em>guttur</em> ‘throat.’</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><p>See main article: <a href="/articles/midline-neck-mass">midline neck mass</a>.</p>
Images Changes:
Image 5 CT (non-contrast) ( create )
Image 6 CT (C+ arterial phase) ( create )
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