Hammer toe deformity

Last revised by Daniel J Bell on 3 Jul 2023

Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data

Citation:

Weerakkody Y, Ranchod A, Bell D, et al. Hammer toe deformity. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-54171

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-54171

Permalink:

https://radiopaedia.org/articles/54171?iframe=true

rID:

54171

Article created:

25 Jun 2017, Yuranga Weerakkody ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was created Yuranga Weerakkody had no recorded disclosures.

View Yuranga Weerakkody's current disclosures

Last revised:

3 Jul 2023, Daniel J Bell ◉

Disclosures:

At the time the article was last revised Daniel J Bell had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.

View Daniel J Bell's current disclosures

Revisions:

11 times, by 5 contributors - see full revision history and disclosures

Systems:

Musculoskeletal

Tags:

cases

Synonyms:

Hammertoe deformities
Hammer toe deformity
Hammertoe
Hammer toe
Hammer-toe deformity
Hammer toes

Hammer toe deformity is proximal interphalangeal joint hyperflexion, usually associated with distal interphalangeal joint hyperextension and either a neutral or less commonly hyperextended metatarsophalangeal joint. This deformity may affect one or more of the lesser toes and may be flexible or fixed ^1-5.

Epidemiology

Associations

hallux valgus ^2,4
ill-fitting footwear ⁴
long metatarsal ⁵
inflammatory arthropathy, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis ^2,4
neurological conditions, e.g. diabetes mellitus, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, Friedreich ataxia⁴

References

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