Hand series
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At the time the article was created Aditya Shetty had no recorded disclosures.
View Aditya Shetty's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Tariq Walizai had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Tariq Walizai's current disclosures- Hand series x rays
- Hand series radiographs
The hand series consists of posteroanterior, oblique, and lateral projections. Although additional radiographs can be taken for specific indications.
The series primarily examines the radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joints, the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges.
Indications
Hand x-rays are indicated for a variety of settings, including:
trauma with suspected fracture
suspected metacarpal dislocation
foreign body detection and localization
investigation of joint pain and/or deformity
skeletal survey
Projections
Standard projections
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demonstrates the metacarpals, phalanges, radius and ulna in the natural anatomical position
excellent view to inspect the metacarpals
ideal for identifying early signs of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
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external oblique projection of the hand
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projection 90° to the PA view demonstrates multiple carpal bones overlapping, often used to determine fracture displacement
used to localize foreign bodies
Additional projections
lateral fan view: offers a view of the individual middle and distal phalanges, avoiding overlap
lateral flexion view
ball-catcher view (also known as Nørgaard projection): specialized view used to demonstrate the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, often requested in the context of rheumatoid arthritis
References
- 1. Whitley AS, Sloane C, Hoadley G et-al. Clark's positioning in radiography. Hodder Arnold Publication. ISBN:0340763906. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
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