Hemimedullary syndrome

Assoc Prof Frank Gaillard ◉ ◈ and Dr Bruno Di Muzio ◉ ◈ et al.

Hemimedullary syndrome, also known as Reinhold syndrome, occurs as a result of the occlusion of the ipsilateral vertebral artery proximal to the posterior inferior cerebellar artery and its anterior spinal artery branches ^1-3. This situation causes lateral medullary infarct and medial medullary infarct simultaneously ^1-3.

Terminology

In many texts hemimedullary syndrome is incorrectly used as a synonym for Babinski-Nageotte syndrome, which is similar yet clinically distinct syndrome ^3,5.

History and etymology

The syndrome was first described by Heinrich Reinhold, a German physician, in 1894 ⁴.

References

Stroke and intracranial haemorrhage

stroke and intracranial hemorrhage
- code stroke CT (an approach)
- ischemic stroke
  - general discussions
  - scoring and classification systems
  - signs
  - by region
    - hemispheric infarcts
      - frontal lobe infarct
      - parietal lobe infarct
        Gerstmann syndrome
      - temporal lobe infarct
      - occipital lobe infarct
        
        alexia without agraphia syndrome: PCA
        
        cortical blindness syndrome (Anton syndrome): top of basilar or bilateral PCA
        
        Balint syndrome: bilateral PCA
    - lacunar infarct
      - lacunar stroke syndromes
      - lenticulostriate infarct
    - thalamic infarct
      - Déjerine-Roussy syndrome (thalamic pain syndrome): thalamoperforators of PCA
      - top of the basilar syndrome
    - striatocapsular infarct
    - cerebellar infarct
    - brainstem infarct
      - midbrain infarct
        
        Benedikt syndrome: PCA
        
        Claude syndrome: PCA
        
        Nothnagel syndrome: PCA
        
        Weber syndrome: PCA
      - pontine infarct
        
        Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
        
        facial colliculus syndrome
        
        Gasperini syndrome: basilar artery or AICA
        
        inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome): basilar artery
        
        lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix syndrome): basilar artery or AICA
        
        locked-in syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Millard-Gubler syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Raymond syndrome: basilar artery
      - medullary infarct
        
        Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
        
        hemimedullary syndrome (Reinhold syndrome)
        
        lateral medullary stroke syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
        
        medial medullary syndrome (Déjerine syndrome)
    - acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
  - by vascular territory
    - anterior circulation infarction
    - posterior circulation infarction
  - treatment options
    - mechanical thrombectomy
  - complications
    - crossed cerebellar diaschisis
    - hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct
      - cerebral intraparenchymal hyperattenuations post thrombectomy
- intracranial hemorrhage
  - intra-axial hemorrhage
    - signs and formulas
      - ABC/2 (volume estimation)
      - CTA spot sign
      - swirl sign
    - by region or type
  - extra-axial hemorrhage

Article information

rID: 32272

System: Central Nervous System

Section: Syndromes

Tag: cases, stub, brainstem, stroke, stub, syndrome, cases, cases

Synonyms or Alternate Spellings:

Hemimedullary infarction syndrome
Reinhold's syndrome
Reinhold syndrome

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