Hepatic neuroendocrine tumor
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Matt A. Morgan had no recorded disclosures.
View Matt A. Morgan's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures- Peripheral neuroendocrine tumor of the liver
- Argentaffinoma
- APUD-oma of liver
- Hepatic carcinoids
- Peripheral neuroendocrine tumour of the liver
- Hepatic NET
- Hepatic NETs
- Hepatic carcinoid
- Hepatic neuroendocrine tumors
Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoids) is an extremely rare type of neuroendocrine tumor, with somewhere between 60-90 cases reported in the literature. Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver is far more common.
On this page:
Clinical presentation
Some patients present with carcinoid syndrome. Elevated 5-HIAA and/or gastrin levels have been reported.
Pathology
Histologically, the tumor has features of classic neuroendocrine tumor (i.e. trabecular and pseudoglandular pattern) and dense core granules demonstrated by electron microscopy or by immunohistochemistry (i.e. positive staining by chromogranin antibody).
There is speculation that the tumor might arise from ectopic pancreatic tissue in the liver or through differentiation from biliary epithelium.3
Radiographic features
Currently, there are no specific imaging features, and cases are diagnosed retrospectively. One case report described an imaging appearance on ultrasound and contrast-enhanced CT similar to focal nodular hyperplasia.2 Somatostatin-receptor nuclear medicine studies (In-111 pentetreotide (Octreoscan)) should be positive.
Given the rarity of the finding, a thorough investigation for an extrahepatic primary carcinoid tumor is necessary.
Treatment and prognosis
No standard treatment exists. Surgical resection has been performed.
References
- 1. Schwartz G, Colanta A, Gaetz H et-al. Primary carcinoid tumors of the liver. World J Surg Oncol. 2008;6 (1): 91. doi:10.1186/1477-7819-6-91 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 2. Ulusan S, Kizilkilic O, Yildirim T et-al. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: dynamic CT findings. Abdom Imaging. 2005;30 (3): 281-5. doi:10.1007/s00261-004-0241-0 - Pubmed citation
Related articles: Pathology: Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary
- liver
- depositional disorders
- infection and inflammation
- liver abscess
- hepatic hydatid infection
- cirrhosis
- hepatitis
- cholecystitis
- cholangitis
- malignancy
- liver and intrahepatic bile duct tumors
- benign epithelial tumors
- hepatocellular hyperplasia
- hepatocellular adenoma
- hepatic/biliary cysts
- benign nonepithelial tumors
- primary malignant epithelial tumors
- hepatocellular carcinoma
- hepatocellular carcinoma variants
-
cholangiocarcinoma
- intra-hepatic
- mass-forming type
- periductal infiltrating type - Klatskin tumors
- intraductal growing type
- extra-hepatic/large duct type
- intra-hepatic
- biliary cystadenocarcinoma
- combined hepatocellular and cholangiocarcinoma
- hepatoblastoma
- undifferentiated carcinoma
- primary malignant nonepithelial tumors
- hematopoietic and lymphoid tumors
- primary hepatic lymphoma
- hepatic myeloid sarcoma (hepatic chloroma)
- secondary tumors
- miscellaneous
- adrenal rest tumors
- hepatic carcinosarcoma
- hepatic fibroma
- hepatic hemangioma
- hepatic Kaposi sarcoma
- hepatic lipoma
- hepatic mesenchymal hamartoma
- hepatic myxoma
- hepatic rhabdoid tumor
- hepatic solitary fibrous tumor
- hepatic teratoma
- hepatic yolk sac tumor
- inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (inflammatory pseudotumor)
- nodular regenerative hyperplasia
- pancreatic rest tumors
- primary hepatic carcinoid
- benign epithelial tumors
- liver and intrahepatic bile duct tumors
- metabolic
- trauma
-
vascular and perfusion disorders
- portal vein related
- hepatic artery related
- hepatic veins related
- inferior vena cava related
- other
- third inflow
- liver thrombotic angiitis
- infra diaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
- hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)
- pancreas
-
pancreatic neoplasms
- cystic neoplasm (cystic pancreatic mass differential diagnosis)
- solid neoplasm
- non-epithelial pancreatic neoplasms
- others
- simple pancreatic cyst
-
pancreatitis (mnemonic for the causes)
- acute pancreatitis
- chronic pancreatitis
- Ascaris-induced pancreatitis
- tropical pancreatitis
- autoimmune pancreatitis
- emphysematous pancreatitis
- hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis
- hereditary pancreatitis
- pancreatitis associated with cystic fibrosis
- pancreaticopleural fistula
- segmental pancreatitis
- pancreatic atrophy
- pancreatic lipomatosis
- pancreatic trauma
- pancreatic transplant
-
pancreatic neoplasms
- gallbladder and biliary
- congenital malformations and anatomical variants
- gallstones
- gallbladder inflammation
- bile ducts inflammation
- gallbladder wall abnormalities
- other gallbladder abnormalities
- bile duct dilatation (differential)
- bile duct wall thickening (differential)
- bile ducts neoplasms
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.