Hepatitis B virus
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
At the time the article was created Matt A. Morgan had no recorded disclosures.
View Matt A. Morgan's current disclosuresAt the time the article was last revised Jeremy Jones had no recorded disclosures.
View Jeremy Jones's current disclosures- Hep B
- HBV
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a circular DNA virus endemic in many parts of the world. It is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Clinical presentation
Acute HBV infection is most often subclinical and asymptomatic. Symptomatic patients (~33%) may experience fever, nausea and/or jaundice. Rarely (1%) it causes acute liver failure 3.
Pathology
Route of transmission
The most common route of transmission is regionally-dependent. In endemic areas, vertical transmission from mother to child is more common. In other areas, contaminated needles, blood products, and unprotected sex is more common.
Genotypes
- genotype A: sub-Saharan Africa
- genotype B: Japan and East Asia
- genotype C: China, Korea, Japan, Southeast Asia
- most closely associated with HCC 2
- genotype D: Eastern Europe, North Africa, Russia, Middle East, India
- genotype E: West Africa
- genotypes F, G, H: Central and South America
Treatment and prognosis
Vaccination programs have been effective in many parts of the world to decrease the incidence of disease.
Patients with chronic hepatitis B may benefit from a hepatocellular carcinoma screening program.
Related pathology
Acute infection with the hepatitis B virus may result in acute hepatitis.
Chronic infection with hepatitis B is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The patient may either be cirrhotic or non-cirrhotic.
References
- 1. Lafaro K, Demirjian A, Pawlik T. Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2015;24(1):1-17. doi:10.1016/j.soc.2014.09.001
- 2. McMahon B. The Influence of Hepatitis B Virus Genotype and Subgenotype on the Natural History of Chronic Hepatitis B. Hepatol Int. 2008;3(2):334-42. doi:10.1007/s12072-008-9112-z
- 3. Liang T. Hepatitis B: The Virus and Disease. Hepatology. 2009;49(S5):S13-21. doi:10.1002/hep.22881
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