HIV-associated salivary gland disease

Changed by Daniel J Bell, 10 May 2020

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HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD) is a condition ofcharacterised by lymphatic infiltration of the salivary glands, especially the parotids. This condition of HIV patients can be part of the diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. The condition is one of the most important AIDS-associated oral lesions.

Epidemiology

ItThe incidence of HIV-associated salivary gland disease has been reported to be as high 48% in developing territories in those with HIV-1 infections 3.

Clinical presentation

HIV-SGD-associated salivary gland disease generally presents with:

Pathology

InAs a consequence of HIV infection, lymphoid infiltration into the gland, along with lymphoid epithelial lesionslesion development are responsible for salivary gland enlargement and xerostomia 4.

Histology

BenignThe benign lymphoepithelial / myoepithelial lesion comprising/myoepithelial lesions of HIV-associated salivary gland disease comprise intranodal cysts lined with epithelial cells.

RadiologicalRadiographic features

Radiological features are non-specific.

USUltrasound
CT/MRI 
  • usually bilateral salivary gland enlargement with intraglandular cystic and solid masses
  •  increaseincrease in size and number of cervical lymph nodes 2

Treatment and prognosis

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was useful in treatment of HIV-related lymphoepithelial parotid cysts 4. There is reportedreportedly a good prognosis in children 2.

History and etymology

HIV-associated salivary gland disease was first used by Schiødt to characterise a swelling of major salivary glands with a complaint of dry mouth in patients with HIV, in absence of xerogenic agents or medications 3.

Differential diagnosis

  • -<p><strong>HIV-associated salivary gland disease (HIV-SGD) </strong>is a condition of lymphatic infiltration of the salivary glands, especially the parotids. This condition of HIV patients can be part of diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. The condition is one of the most important AIDS-associated oral lesions.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>It has been reported to be 48% in developing territories <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>HIV-SGD generally presents with unilateral or bilateral facial swelling, fever, myalgias, xerostomia and swelling of salivary glands. It is one of the causes of bilateral salivary gland enlargement.</p><h4>Pathology</h4><p>In a consequence of HIV infection, lymphoid infiltration into gland, along with lymphoid epithelial lesions development are responsible for salivary gland enlargement and xerostomia<sup> 4</sup>.</p><h4>Histology</h4><p>Benign lymphoepithelial / myoepithelial lesion comprising of intranodal cysts lined with epithelial cells.</p><h4>Radiological features</h4><p>Radiological features are non-specific.</p><h5>US</h5><ul>
  • -<li> numerous hypoattenuating / anechoic regions without posterior acoustic enhancement</li>
  • +<p><strong>HIV-associated salivary gland disease </strong>is a condition characterised by lymphatic infiltration of the salivary glands, especially the <a title="Parotids" href="/articles/parotid-gland">parotids</a>. This condition of HIV patients can be part of the <a title="diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome" href="/articles/diffuse-infiltrative-lymphocytosis-syndrome">diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome</a>. The condition is one of the most important AIDS-associated oral lesions.</p><h4>Epidemiology</h4><p>The incidence of HIV-associated salivary gland disease has been reported to be as high 48% in developing territories in those with HIV-1 infections <sup>3</sup>.</p><h4>Clinical presentation</h4><p>HIV-associated salivary gland disease generally presents with:</p><ul>
  • +<li>unilateral/bilateral facial swelling</li>
  • +<li><a title="Fever" href="/articles/pyrexia">fever</a></li>
  • +<li>myalgia</li>
  • +<li><a title="Xerostomia" href="/articles/xerostomia">xerostomia</a></li>
  • +<li>swelling of salivary glands: a cause of <a title="bilateral salivary gland enlargement" href="/articles/bilateral-salivary-gland-enlargement">bilateral salivary gland enlargement</a>
  • +</li>
  • +</ul><h4>Pathology</h4><p>As a consequence of HIV infection, lymphoid infiltration into the gland, along with lymphoid epithelial lesion development are responsible for salivary gland enlargement and xerostomia<sup> 4</sup>.</p><h5>Histology</h5><p>The benign lymphoepithelial/myoepithelial lesions of HIV-associated salivary gland disease comprise intranodal cysts lined with epithelial cells.</p><h4>Radiographic features</h4><p>Radiological features are <a title="Non-specific" href="/articles/non-specific">non-specific</a>.</p><h5>Ultrasound</h5><ul>
  • +<li>numerous hypoattenuating/anechoic regions without <a title="Posterior acoustic enhancement" href="/articles/acoustic-enhancement">posterior acoustic enhancement</a>
  • +</li>
  • -<li> increase in size and number of cervical lymph nodes<sup> 2</sup>
  • +<li>increase in size and number of cervical lymph nodes<sup> 2</sup>
  • -</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was useful in treatment of lymphoepithelial parotid cysts<sup> 4</sup>. There is reported good prognosis in children <sup>2</sup>.</p><p> </p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>HIV-associated salivary gland disease was first used by <strong><em>Schiødt</em></strong> to characterise a swelling of major salivary glands with a complaint of dry mouth in patients with HIV in absence of xerogenic agents or medications<sup> 3</sup>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>
  • +</ul><h4>Treatment and prognosis</h4><p>Antiretroviral therapy was useful in treatment of HIV-related lymphoepithelial <a title="Parotid cysts" href="/articles/cystic-parotid-lesions">parotid cysts</a><sup> 4</sup>. There is reportedly a good prognosis in children <sup>2</sup>.</p><h4>History and etymology</h4><p>HIV-associated salivary gland disease was first used by <strong>Schiødt</strong> to characterise a swelling of major salivary glands with a complaint of dry mouth in patients with HIV, in absence of xerogenic agents or medications<sup> 3</sup>.</p><h4>Differential diagnosis</h4><ul>

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