Hyperlipidaemia is a condition in which elevated levels of lipids circulating in the blood. The main significance of hyperlipidaemia is it being a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, such as that implicated in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and ischaemic stroke.
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Clinical presentation
Hyperlipidaemia is usually asymptomatic. However, certain forms may be associated with types of xanthomas or arcus senilis (in young patients).
Pathology
Several genetic disorders (e.g. familial hypercholesterolaemia) can lead to various hyperlipaedmia phenotypes, however, in Western society, dietary and lifestyle issues play the predominant role in its development.
Treatment and prognosis
Management incorporates lifestyle measures (e.g. dietary changes) and pharmacotherapy (e.g. statins, ezetimibe, PCSK9 inhibitors, etc.) 3. In some familial disorders, plasmapheresis may additionally be indicated.
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