Hypersensitivity reaction

Changed by Henry Knipe, 3 Feb 2016

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Hypersensitivity reactions are the immunological response to both exogenous and endogenous antigens, and forms the basis ~~of some autoimmune~~for many diseases.

Pathology

Classification

There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, each mediated by a different mechanism ^1-4:

type 1 hypersensitivity: immediate reaction
- allergy/anaphylaxis
- asthma
type 2 hypersensitivity: antibody mediated reaction
- autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
- Goodpasture syndrome
type 3 hypersensitivity: immune-complex mediated reaction
- systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
- hypersensitivity pneumonitis
type 4 hypersensitivity: cell mediated reaction
- contact dermatitis
- multiple sclerosis
- type 1 diabetes
- transplant rejection
- coeliac disease

-<p><strong>Hypersensitivity reactions</strong> are the immunological response to both exogenous and endogenous antigens, and forms the basis of some autoimmune diseases. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Classification</h5><p>There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, each mediated by a different mechanism <sup>1-4</sup>:</p><ul>
+<p><strong>Hypersensitivity reactions</strong> are the immunological response to both exogenous and endogenous antigens, and forms the basis for many diseases. </p><h4>Pathology</h4><h5>Classification</h5><p>There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions, each mediated by a different mechanism <sup>1-4</sup>:</p><ul>
~~-<a title="type 1 hypersensitivity" href="/articles/type-1-hypersensitivity">type 1 hypersensitivity</a>: immediate reaction<ul>~~
~~-<li>allergy/<a title="anaphylaxis" href="/articles/anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>~~
+<a href="/articles/type-1-hypersensitivity">type 1 hypersensitivity</a>: immediate reaction<ul>
+<li>allergy/<a href="/articles/anaphylaxis">anaphylaxis</a>
~~-<li><a title="Asthma" href="/articles/asthma-1">asthma</a></li>~~
+<li><a href="/articles/asthma-1">asthma</a></li>
~~-<a title="type 2 hypersensitivity" href="/articles/type-2-hypersensitivity">type 2 hypersensitivity</a>: antibody mediated reaction<ul>~~
~~-<li><a title="autoimmune haemolytic anaemia" href="/articles/autoimmune-haemolytic-anaemia">autoimmune haemolytic anaemia</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="Goodpasture syndrome" href="/articles/goodpasture-syndrome">Goodpasture syndrome</a></li>~~
+<a href="/articles/type-2-hypersensitivity">type 2 hypersensitivity</a>: antibody mediated reaction<ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/autoimmune-haemolytic-anaemia">autoimmune haemolytic anaemia</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/goodpasture-syndrome">Goodpasture syndrome</a></li>
~~-<a title="type 3 hypersensitivity" href="/articles/type-3-hypersensitivity">type 3 hypersensitivity</a>: immune-complex mediated reaction<ul>~~
~~-<li><a title="Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)" href="/articles/systemic-lupus-erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="Hypersensitivity pneumonitis" href="/articles/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis">hypersensitivity pneumonitis</a></li>~~
+<a href="/articles/type-3-hypersensitivity">type 3 hypersensitivity</a>: immune-complex mediated reaction<ul>
+<li><a href="/articles/systemic-lupus-erythematosus">systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/hypersensitivity-pneumonitis">hypersensitivity pneumonitis</a></li>
~~-<a title="type 4 hypersensitivity" href="/articles/type-4-hypersensitivity">type 4 hypersensitivity</a>: cell mediated reaction<ul>~~
+<a href="/articles/type-4-hypersensitivity">type 4 hypersensitivity</a>: cell mediated reaction<ul>
~~-<li><a title="Multiple sclerosis" href="/articles/multiple-sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="type 1 diabetes" href="/articles/type-1-diabetes">type 1 diabetes</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="transplant rejection" href="/articles/transplant-rejection">transplant rejection</a></li>~~
~~-<li><a title="Coeliac disease" href="/articles/coeliac-disease-1">coeliac disease</a></li>~~
+<li><a href="/articles/multiple-sclerosis">multiple sclerosis</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/type-1-diabetes">type 1 diabetes</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/transplant-rejection">transplant rejection</a></li>
+<li><a href="/articles/coeliac-disease-1">coeliac disease</a></li>

References changed:

2. Raphael Rubin, David S. Strayer, Emanuel Rubin et al. Rubin's Pathology: Clinicopathologic Foundations of Medicine 5th Edition. (2007) ISBN: 0781795168 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0781795168">Google Books</a>
3. Janeway CA Jr, Travers P, Walport M, et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2001. Hypersensitivity diseases. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK27136/
4. Coico R, Sunshine G. Immunology. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN:B00T07DTHA. <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBNB00T07DTHA">Read it at Google Books</a> - <a href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00T07DTHA">Find it at Amazon</a><span class="auto"></span>
1. Vinay Kumar, Stanley Leonard Robbins, Abul K. Abbas et al. Robbins & Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, Seventh Edition. (2004) ISBN: 0721601871 - <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN0721601871">Google Books</a>

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