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Citation:
Moore C, Bell D, Smith D, Immunotherapy. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 30 Mar 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-86119
Immunotherapy is a relatively new treatment modality in which the immune system of the patient is modulated specifically to control conditions such as autoimmune disease, allergies, or cancer. Therapies may be cell-based (e.g. chimeric antigen receptor T cell-based), antibody-based (e.g. checkpoint inhibitor based), or based on small molecules such as cytokines. Oncolytic viruses and cancer vaccines 1 can also be used to stimulate the immune system.
Cancer immunotherapies, and especially immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, are of particular interest to radiologists due to variability in responses to therapy, and complications. Radiomics and radiogenomics present potential evaluation tools for response to therapy but are not yet widely adopted 5.
See also
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1. Dermime S, Armstrong A, Hawkins R, Stern P. Cancer Vaccines and Immunotherapy. Br Med Bull. 2002;62(1):149-62. doi:10.1093/bmb/62.1.149 - Pubmed
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2. K. Harrington & D. F. Halpenny. Cancer Immunotherapy – What The Radiologist Needs To Know. European Congress of Radiology - ECR 2017. 2017. https://epos.myesr.org/poster/esr/ecr2017/C-2015
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3. Nishino M, Hatabu H, Hodi F. Imaging of Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Approaches and Future Directions. Radiology. 2019;290(1):9-22. doi:10.1148/radiol.2018181349 - Pubmed
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4. Dromain C, Beigelman C, Pozzessere C, Duran R, Digklia A. Imaging of Tumour Response to Immunotherapy. Eur Radiol Exp. 2020;4(1):2. doi:10.1186/s41747-019-0134-1 - Pubmed
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5. García-Figueiras R, Baleato-González S, Luna A et al. Assessing Immunotherapy with Functional and Molecular Imaging and Radiomics. Radiographics. 2020;40(7):1987-2010. doi:10.1148/rg.2020200070 - Pubmed
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