Inner ear
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Hacking C, Kusel K, Bell D, et al. Inner ear. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 20 Jan 2025) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-5581
Permalink:
rID:
5581
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Craig Hacking had the following disclosures:
- Philips Australia, Paid speaker at Philips Spectral CT events (ongoing)
These were assessed during peer review and were determined to not be relevant to the changes that were made.
View Craig Hacking's current disclosures
Revisions:
12 times, by
8 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Tags:
Synonyms:
- Vestibulocochlear organ
- inner ears
- Vestibulocochlear organs
The inner ear refers to the bony labyrinth, the membranous labyrinth and their contents. It may also be referred to as the vestibulocochlear organ, supplied by the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII). It is divided into three main parts:
- the cochlea housing the cochlear duct for hearing
- the vestibule housing the utricle and saccule for static balance
- the semicircular canals housing the semicircular ducts for kinetic balance
As the membranous labyrinth is slightly smaller than the osseous labyrinth, the two are separated by perilymph, which does not communicate with the endolymph contained in the membranous labyrinth.
References
- 1. Moore KL, Agur AMR, Dalley AF. Clinically oriented anatomy. LWW. ISBN:1451119453. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Butler P, Mitchell A, Healy JC. Applied Radiological Anatomy. Cambridge University Press. (2012) ISBN:0521766664. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 3. Last's anatomy, regional and applied. Churchill Livingstone. ISBN:044304662X. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Sensorineural hearing loss
- Round window
- Otosyphilis
- External auditory canal atresia
- Organ of Corti
- Perilymphatic fistula
- Labyrinthitis
- Branchio-oto-renal dysplasia
- Intravestibular lipoma
- Cochlear incomplete partition
- Deafness
- Superior semicircular canal dehiscence syndrome
- Microtia
- Otospongiosis
- Michel aplasia
- Petrous apex
- Middle ear
- Mesotympanum
- Labyrinthitis ossificans
- Ear
Cases:
- Vestibulocochlear neuritis
- Otospongiosis
- Labyrinthitis ossificans
- Inner ear anatomy (annotated CT)
- Middle ear anatomy (illustration)
- Normal paranasal sinuses and petrous temporal bones
- Otosclerosis
- Cochlea - diagram
- Left facial nerve neuritis
- Normal temporal bone CT
- Michel (complete labyrinthine) aplasia
- Inner and middle ear anatomy
Related articles: Anatomy: Head and neck
- skeleton of the head and neck
-
cranial vault
- scalp (mnemonic)
- fontanelle
-
sutures
- calvarial
- facial
- frontozygomatic suture
- frontomaxillary suture
- frontolacrimal suture
- frontonasal suture
- temporozygomatic suture
- zygomaticomaxillary suture
- parietotemporal suture (parietomastoid suture)
- occipitotemporal suture (occipitomastoid suture)
- sphenofrontal suture
- sphenozygomatic suture
- spheno-occipital suture (not a true suture)
- lacrimomaxillary suture
- nasomaxillary suture
- internasal suture
- basal/internal
- skull landmarks
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- occipital bone
- skull base (foramina)
-
facial bones
- midline single bones
- paired bilateral bones
- cervical spine
- hyoid bone
- laryngeal cartilages
-
cranial vault
- muscles of the head and neck
- muscles of the tongue (mnemonic)
- muscles of mastication
-
facial muscles
- epicranius muscle
- circumorbital and palpebral muscles
- nasal muscles
-
buccolabial muscles
- elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
- levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle
- levator labii superioris muscle
- zygomaticus major muscle
- zygomaticus minor muscle
- levator anguli oris muscle
- malaris muscle
- risorius muscle
- depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip
- depressor labii inferioris muscle
- depressor anguli oris muscle
- mentalis muscle
- compound sphincter
-
orbicularis oris muscle
- incisivus labii superioris muscle
- incisivus labii inferioris muscle
-
orbicularis oris muscle
- muscle of mastication
- modiolus
- elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
- muscles of the middle ear
- orbital muscles
- muscles of the soft palate
- pharyngeal muscles
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
- intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- muscles of the neck
- platysma muscle
- longus colli muscle
- longus capitis muscle
- scalenus anterior muscle
- scalenus medius muscle
- scalenus posterior muscle
- scalenus pleuralis muscle
- sternocleidomastoid muscle
-
suboccipital muscles
- rectus capitis posterior major muscle
- rectus capitis posterior minor muscle
- obliquus capitis superior muscle
- obliquus capitis inferior muscle
- accessory muscles of the neck
- deep cervical fascia
-
deep spaces of the neck
- anterior cervical space
- buccal space
- carotid space
- danger space
- deep cervical fascia
- infratemporal fossa
- masticator space
- parapharyngeal space
- stylomandibular tunnel
- parotid space
- pharyngeal (superficial) mucosal space
- perivertebral space
- posterior cervical space
- pterygopalatine fossa
- retropharyngeal space
- suprasternal space (of Burns)
- visceral space
- surgical triangles of the neck
- orbit
- ear
- paranasal sinuses
- upper respiratory tract
- viscera of the neck
- blood supply of the head and neck
-
arterial supply
-
common carotid artery
- carotid body
- carotid bifurcation
- subclavian artery
- variants
-
common carotid artery
- venous drainage
-
arterial supply
- innervation of the head and neck
-
cranial nerves
- olfactory nerve (CN I)
- optic nerve (CN II)
- oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)
-
trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
- trigeminal ganglion
- ophthalmic division
- maxillary division
- mandibular division
- abducens nerve (CN VI)
- facial nerve (CN VII)
-
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)
- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- (spinal) accessory nerve (CN XI)
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck
- cervical sympathetic ganglia
- greater occipital nerve
- third occipital nerve
-
cervical plexus
- muscular branches
- longus capitis
- longus colli
- scalenes
- geniohyoid
- thyrohyoid
-
ansa cervicalis
- omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies separately)
- sternothyroid
- sternohyoid
- phrenic nerve
- contribution to the accessory nerve (CN XI)
- cutaneous branches
- muscular branches
- brachial plexus
- pharyngeal plexus
-
cranial nerves
- lymphatic drainage of the head and neck
- embryological development of the head and neck
Related articles: Inner ear pathology
-
inner ear anatomy
-
congenital inner ear malformations
- complete labyrinthine aplasia (Michel aplasia)
- rudimentary otocyst
- cochlear aplasia
- common cavity
- incomplete partition type I (cystic cochleovestibular anomaly)
- cochlear hypoplasia
- incomplete partition type II
- incomplete partition type III (X-linked deafness)
- enlarged vestibular aqueduct
- semicircular canal dysplasia
- infection and inflammation
- neoplasms
- trauma and miscellaneous
-
congenital inner ear malformations
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