Tubulointerstitial nephritis is a condition where the inflammation is mainly in or around the renal tubules. It may be acute or chronic.
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Epidemiology
Tubulointerstitial nephritis may affect any age group ranging from paediatric to adult.
Pathology
Aetiology
Tubulointerstitial nephritis can arise from a range of causes:
infection
medications
autoimmune: from immunological disorders that primarily affect the kidney, e.g. anti-tubular basement membrane (anti-TBM) antibody-associated interstitial nephritis
genetic
idiopathic
Subtypes
granulomatous tubulointerstitial nephritis
tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU syndrome)
tubointerstitial nephritis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Radiographic features
Radiographic features vary dependent on whether it is acute or chronic.
Ultrasound
In acute stages may show delineated renal enlargement with diffuse cortical hyperechogenicity 1.