Intracranial hemorrhage (summary)
This is a basic article for medical students and other non-radiologists
Intracranial hemorrhage refers to bleeding within the intracranial cavity and is, therefore, a catch-all term which includes parenchymal (intra-axial) hemorrhage and the various types of extra-axial hemorrhage including, subarachnoid, subdural and extradural hemorrhage.
On this page:
Article:
Reference article
This is a summary article; read more in our article on Intracranial hemorrhage.
Summary
- anatomy
-
pathophysiology
- etiology and pathophysiology dependent on the type of hemorrhage
- parenchymal
- trauma
- stroke
- degeneration (amyloid angiopathy)
-
subarachnoid
- trauma
- ruptured aneurysm
-
subdural
- venous bleed from low-impact trauma
-
extradural
- arterial bleed from high-energy trauma and skull fracture
- parenchymal
- etiology and pathophysiology dependent on the type of hemorrhage
Imaging
-
role of imaging
- is there any hemorrhage?
- where is it?
- is the cause visible on the scan, e.g. fracture, aneurysm)?
- are there any complications, e.g. mass effect, midline shift?
-
radiographic features
- acute hemorrhage is hyperdense (white) on CT
- as the blood ages, the density decreases
- chronic blood approaches the density of CSF
- sizable hemorrhage may cause mass effect and midline shift
Related Radiopaedia articles
Medical student radiology curriculum
- radiology for students
-
neuroradiology
- imaging
- key findings
- conditions
- presentations
- cardiac radiology
-
chest radiology
- imaging
- key findings
- conditions
- presentations
-
abdominal radiology
- imaging
- key findings
- conditions
- upper GI
- lower GI
- hepatopancreatobiliary
- genitourinary
- vascular
- breast
- presentations
-
musculoskeletal radiology
- imaging
- key findings
- interpretation
- conditions
- upper limb
- lower limb
- pelvic fractures
- proximal femoral fractures
- distal fibula fracture
- 5th metatarsal fracture
- pediatrics
- spine
- major trauma
- joint pain/arthritis
- presentations
- upper limb
- lower limb
- hip trauma
- lower limb injury
- foot and ankle injury
- joint pain/arthritis
-
obstetrics and gynecology imaging
- imaging
- pelvic US - transabdominal
- pelvic US - transvaginal
- hysterosalpingogram
- CT abdomen
- MRI pelvis
- key findings
- endometrial thickening
- ovarian cysts
- conditions
- non-obstetric
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- tubo-ovarian abscess
- ovarian torsion
- ovarian neoplasms
- endometriosis
- endometrial hyperplasia
- endometrial carcinoma
- cervical cancer
- obstetric
- normal pregnancy
- abnormal first trimester
- ectopic pregnancy
- heterotopic pregnancy
- twins
- non-obstetric
- presentations
- PV bleeding
- pelvic pain
- PV discharge
- early pregnancy
- imaging
-
pediatric radiology
- imaging
- key findings
- conditions
- presentations