The joule (J) is the derived SI unit of energy quantity. One joule represents the work exerted by a force of one newton acting over a distance of one meter in the direction of that force.
Terminology
As for all other eponymous units when the name is written out in full it is not capitalized, but its symbol is capitalized.
History and etymology
The joule is named after James Prescott Joule (1819-1889) 1,2.