Staging of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibromas is performed with cross-sectional imaging and relies on the identification of local tumour extent, and invasion of adjacent spaces. For a discussion of this entity please refer to the parent article: juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma.
The staging system proposed by Bryan et al. 3 is the most commonly used and divides tumours into three stages:
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stage I
Ia: limited to nasal cavity/nasopharynx
Ib: extension into one or more paranasal sinuses
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stage II
IIa: minimal extension through sphenopalatine foramen into pterygopalatine fossa
IIb: fills pterygopalatine fossa bowing the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum anteriorly or extending into the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure
IIc: extends beyond pterygopalatine fossa into infratemporal fossa (modified by Radkowski 4)
stage III: intracranial extension