Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion
Last revised by Osamah A. A. Alwalid on 23 May 2024
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Alwalid O, Sharma R, et al. Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 27 Jun 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-26463
rID:
26463
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
23 May 2024,
Osamah A. A. Alwalid
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Osamah A. A. Alwalid had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Osamah A. A. Alwalid's current disclosures
Revisions:
23 times, by
13 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Synonyms:
- LESCL
- LETM
- Longitudinaly extensive spinal cord lesion (LESCL)
- Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)
Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (LESCL), also known as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), represent extensive involvement of the spinal cord, with abnormal T2 signal traversing at least three vertebral body segments in length.
Differential diagnosis
They is a broad differential diagnosis, including 1-7:
-
primary CNS autoimmune illness
-
confluent short segment lesions mimicking LESCL
myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
-
systemic autoimmune illness
-
other causes of transverse myelitis
idiopathic
post-infectious or infectious (e.g. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy)
-
vascular
-
toxic
-
infection
tuberculous myelopathy: rare 8
References
- 1. Barnett Y, Sutton IJ, Ghadiri M et-al. Conventional and Advanced Imaging in Neuromyelitis Optica. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013; . doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3592 - Pubmed citation
- 2. Matsuoka T, Matsushita T, Kawano Y et-al. Heterogeneity of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis in Japanese. Brain. 2007;130 (5): 1206-23. doi:10.1093/brain/awm027 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Trebst C, Raab P, Voss EV et-al. Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis-it's not all neuromyelitis optica. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7 (12): 688-98. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.176 - Pubmed citation
- 4. Shan F, Long Y, Qiu W. Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: A Review of the Literature. (2018) Frontiers in immunology. 9: 2802. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02802 - Pubmed
- 5. Birnbaum J, Lalji A, Piccione E, Izbudak I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spinal Cord in the Evaluation of 3 Patients with Sensory Neuronopathies: Diagnostic Assessment, Indications of Treatment Response, and Impact of Autoimmunity: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(49):e8483. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008483 - Pubmed
- 6. Dixon L, McNamara C, Dhasmana D, Taylor G, Davies N. Imaging Spectrum of HTLV-1–Related Neurologic Disease. Neur Clin Pract. 2023;13(3):e200147. doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200147 - Pubmed
- 7. Holroyd K & Berkowitz A. Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2024;30(1):199-223. doi:10.1212/con.0000000000001376 - Pubmed
- 8. Md Noh M, Bahari N, Abdul Rashid A. Tuberculous Myelopathy Associated with Longitudinally Extensive Lesion: A Clinicoradiological Review of Reported Cases. J Clin Neurol. 2020;16(3):369-75. doi:10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.369 - Pubmed
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy
- Acute flaccid myelitis
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
- Surfer's myelopathy
- Neurosyphilis
- Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
- Sjögren syndrome
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
- Neurosarcoidosis
- HTLV-1-associated myelopathy
- Trident sign (neurosarcoidosis)
- Medical abbreviations and acronyms (L)
- Behçet disease (CNS manifestations)
- Transverse myelitis
- Bagel sign (Behçet disease)
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