Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Gaillard F, Sharma R, Alwalid O, et al. Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 05 Dec 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-26463
Permalink:
rID:
26463
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Frank Gaillard had no recorded disclosures.
View Frank Gaillard's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Rohit Sharma had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Rohit Sharma's current disclosures
Revisions:
25 times, by
13 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Synonyms:
- LESCL
- LETM
- Longitudinaly extensive spinal cord lesion (LESCL)
- Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis
- Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)
Longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesions (LESCL), also known as longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM), represent extensive involvement of the spinal cord, with abnormal T2 signal traversing at least three vertebral body segments in length.
Pathology
There are many potential causes, including 1-9:
-
primary CNS autoimmune illness
-
systemic autoimmune illness
paraneoplastic myelitis (e.g. anti-CRMP-5, anti-amphiphysin, anti-Hu)
-
other causes of transverse myelitis
idiopathic
post-infectious or infectious (e.g. HTLV-1-associated myelopathy, poliomyelitis, poliomyelitis-like syndrome, tuberculous myelopathy)
-
vascular
-
toxic
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Differential diagnosis
multiple sclerosis: confluent short segment lesions mimicking a longitudinally extensive spinal cord lesion
References
- 1. Barnett Y, Sutton IJ, Ghadiri M et-al. Conventional and Advanced Imaging in Neuromyelitis Optica. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2013; . doi:10.3174/ajnr.A3592 - Pubmed citation
- 2. Matsuoka T, Matsushita T, Kawano Y et-al. Heterogeneity of aquaporin-4 autoimmunity and spinal cord lesions in multiple sclerosis in Japanese. Brain. 2007;130 (5): 1206-23. doi:10.1093/brain/awm027 - Pubmed citation
- 3. Trebst C, Raab P, Voss EV et-al. Longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis-it's not all neuromyelitis optica. Nat Rev Neurol. 2011;7 (12): 688-98. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2011.176 - Pubmed citation
- 4. Shan F, Long Y, Qiu W. Autoimmune Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy: A Review of the Literature. (2018) Frontiers in immunology. 9: 2802. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2018.02802 - Pubmed
- 5. Birnbaum J, Lalji A, Piccione E, Izbudak I. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spinal Cord in the Evaluation of 3 Patients with Sensory Neuronopathies: Diagnostic Assessment, Indications of Treatment Response, and Impact of Autoimmunity: A Case Report. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(49):e8483. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000008483 - Pubmed
- 6. Dixon L, McNamara C, Dhasmana D, Taylor G, Davies N. Imaging Spectrum of HTLV-1–Related Neurologic Disease. Neur Clin Pract. 2023;13(3):e200147. doi:10.1212/cpj.0000000000200147 - Pubmed
- 7. Holroyd K & Berkowitz A. Metabolic and Toxic Myelopathies. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2024;30(1):199-223. doi:10.1212/con.0000000000001376 - Pubmed
- 8. Md Noh M, Bahari N, Abdul Rashid A. Tuberculous Myelopathy Associated with Longitudinally Extensive Lesion: A Clinicoradiological Review of Reported Cases. J Clin Neurol. 2020;16(3):369-75. doi:10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.369 - Pubmed
- 9. Passeri M, Matthews E, Kammeyer R, Piquet A. Update in Autoimmune and Paraneoplastic Myelopathies: Newly Described Antigen Targets and Antibody Testing. Front Neurol. 2022;13:972143. doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.972143 - Pubmed
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Autoimmune glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP) astrocytopathy
- Acute flaccid myelitis
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
- Surfer's myelopathy
- Neurosyphilis
- Spinal dural arteriovenous fistula
- Sjögren syndrome
- Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)
- Neurosarcoidosis
- HTLV-1-associated myelopathy
- Trident sign (neurosarcoidosis)
- Medical abbreviations and acronyms (L)
- Behçet disease (CNS manifestations)
- Transverse myelitis
- Bagel sign (Behçet disease)
Related articles: White matter disorders
- white matter
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- terminology
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white matter disorders
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demyelination
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- acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)
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- anti-MOG associated encephalomyelitis (MOGAD)
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-
multiple sclerosis (MS)
-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (2017 revision)
- previous 2016 MAGNIMS consensus
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-
McDonald diagnostic criteria for MS (2017 revision)
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demyelination
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