Lower gastrointestinal bleeding usually occurs distal to the ligament of Treitz, and has a wide differential diagnosis:
- diverticular disease
- enterocolitis
- vascular malformation
- vascular ectasia
- angiodysplasia
- arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
- polyp
- tumour
- vasculitides
- portal hypertensive enteropathy or colopathy
- Meckel diverticulum
- ulcer
- aortoenteric fistula
- anal fissure
- haemorrhoids
- perianal fistula(s)
- iatrogenic, e.g. post polypectomy
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