Mandibular lesions are myriad and common. The presence of teeth results in lesions that are specific to the mandible (and maxilla) and a useful classification that defines them as odontogenic or non-odontogenic. While it may often not be possible to make a diagnosis on imaging alone, this classification is helpful to narrow the differential.
Classification
Although a histological classification is probably the most scientifically sound, as radiologists, we are presented with an image, and therefore it is easier to classify lesions according to location in the mandible and their appearance. For a detailed classification of odontogenic tumors, many more than even the keenest neuro/head and neck radiologists can remember, please refer to the WHO histological classification of odontogenic tumors.
Below, the lesions are divided into cystic and solid. Cystic should not be confused with lytic as solid radiolucent lesions can also appear lytic (see: radiolucent lesions of the jaw).
Cystic lesions
periapical cyst (or radicular cyst): common
dentigerous cyst (or follicular cyst of the mandible): common
odontogenic keratocyst (OKC): uncommon
Stafne cyst (or static bone cavity): uncommon
solitary bone cyst of the mandible (or traumatic or hemorrhagic bone cysts)
aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC): rare in the mandible
Solid lesions
Odontogenic
-
benign
odontoma: most common odontogenic tumor
ameloblastoma: relatively common
odontogenic myxoma (looks just like an ameloblastoma): rare
calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (or Pindborg tumor) (looks just like an ameloblastoma): rare
cementoblastoma: rare
-
malignant
odontogenic carcinoma (e.g. ameloblastic carcinoma): rare
odontogenic sarcoma: rare
Non-odontogenic
-
benign
-
malignant
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