MRI grading system for abnormal meniscal signal intensity
MRI grading system for abnormal high meniscal signal intensity was reported by Lotysch et al. MR grades 1, 2, and 3 have been used:
- grade 1: small focal area of hyperintensity, no extension to the articular surface
-
grade 2: linear areas of hyperintensity, no extension to the articular surface
- 2a: linear abnormal hyperintensity with no extension to the articular surface
- 2b: abnormal hyperintensity reaches the articular surface on a single image
- 2c: globular wedge-shaped abnormal hyperintensity with no extension to the articular surface
Grade 2 meniscal signal was found to be associated with a meniscal tear on arthroscopy. Therefore, grade 2 was further subdivided into 2a, 2b, and 2c. Dillon et al. found that 50% of patients with grade 2c had meniscal tears on arthroscopy.
- grade 3: abnormal hyperintensity extends to at least one articular surface (superior or inferior), and is referred as a definite meniscal tear
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Knee pathology
The knee is a complex synovial joint that can be affected by a range of pathologies:
- bone and cartilage
-
knee fractures
- distal femoral condyle fracture
- tibial plateau fracture (classification)
- patella fracture
-
avulsion fractures of the knee
- arcuate complex avulsion fracture (arcuate sign)
- anterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- biceps femoris avulsion fracture
- iliotibial band avulsion fracture
- patella fracture
- posterior cruciate ligament avulsion fracture
- reverse Segond fracture
- Segond fracture
- semimembranosus tendon avulsion fracture
- Stieda fracturechronic avulsion injuries
- dislocation
- chondromalacia patellae
- osteoarthritis of the knee
- osteochondral defects
- osteochondritis dissecans of the knee
- patterns of bone bruise in knee injury
-
knee fractures
- ligaments
- anterior cruciate ligament tear
- anterior cruciate ligament ganglion cyst
- anterior cruciate ligament mucoid degeneration
- posterior cruciate ligament tear
- medial collateral ligament tear
- lateral collateral ligament tear
- medial patellofemoral ligament tear
- posterolateral corner injury
- posteromedial corner injury
- tendons
- meniscal lesions
- bursosynovial lesions
- fat pad
- popliteal fossa
- fascia
- alignment
- knee
- patellofemoral
- gamut