Muscle lymphoma is a rare manifestation of lymphoma.
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Epidemiology
Muscle lymphoma is rare, representing <2% of all lymphomas. The average age of presentation is 70 years 1.
Clinical presentation
Focal swelling and/or pain along with B-type symptoms 2. Any muscle can be involved but most commonly 1,2:
- thigh
- trunk
- upper limb
- leg
Pathology
Muscle lymphoma is typically the non-Hodgkin type. It can manifest in two ways 2:
- metastatic spread from primary disease (e.g. nodal, osseous)
- primary lesion (i.e. primary muscle lymphoma), which is less common
Risk factors
- HIV/AIDS 3
Radiographic features
MRI
Muscle enlargement with focal mass or diffuse abnormal signal 1,2:
- T1: iso- or hyperintense to normal muscle
- T2: intermediate signal intensity to fat and muscle
- Gad (C+): diffuse (more common), thick peripheral and/or septal marginal enhancement
Differential diagnosis
Other soft tissue tumors should be considered 4:
- metastatic carcinoma
- rhabdomyosarcoma
- extraskeletal Ewing sarcoma
Infection (pyomyositis) should also be considered.
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