Orbital pathology covers a variety of diverse diseases that affect the orbit. The complicating factor is that the orbit is composed of a large number of different tissues which each have a plethora of pathologies that can affect them.
Classification
For simplification, they can be separated into developmental, inflammatory, vascular and neoplastic categories:
Developmental
Inflammatory
- inflammatory change in tissues around the orbit
- periorbital tissues: orbital infection
- optic nerve: optic neuritis
- sclera: scleritis
- extraocular muscles: myositis, Graves disease
- complete orbital inflammation: panophthalmitis
- pseudotumour of orbit
Vascular
- cavernous haemangioma of the orbit
- capillary haemangioma of the orbit
- orbital lymphangioma
- orbital venous varix
- carotid-cavernous fistula
Neoplastic
- rhabdomyosarcoma of the orbit
- optic nerve glioma
- optic nerve sheath meningioma
- orbital lymphoma
- orbital metastasis