The clavicle is a unique bone and as such it often displays unique pathology. The following is an attempt to summarize pediatric clavicle abnormalities.
Pediatric bone tumors and tumor-like lesions of the clavicle
- majority of clavicular tumors are malignant
- Ewing sarcoma (most common)
- osteosarcoma
- aneurysmal bone cyst
- Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Other clavicle abnormalities found only in infancy and childhood
- birth fracture: see birth trauma
- infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease)
- congenital pseudoarthrosis of the clavicle
- cleidocranial dysplasia
- short clavicle syndrome
- hooked clavicle: Yunis-Varon syndrome, Meier-Gorlin syndrome
Other clavicle abnormalities that can occur in both children and adults
- anterior subluxation of the sternoclavicular joint
- Friedrich disease (osteonecrosis of medial clavicle)
- hypertrophic osteitis
- chronic multifocal periosteitis and arthropathy
- osteomyelitis
Radiation induced clavicle disease
- pediatric clavicle is particularly vulnerable to local radiation effects
- radionecrosis and lysis
- impaired healing following trauma
- tumor: osteosarcoma, osteochondroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma
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