The pediatric curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core pediatric knowledge.
On this page:
Definition
Topics pertaining to pediatric radiology, including pediatric neuroradiology and fetal radiology, although there will be some cross coverage within the CNS and obstetric curricula.
Anatomy
An understanding of the anatomy of relevant structures is essential. Core anatomical topics include:
CNS
Heart and great vessels
MSK
- fracture description
- complete vs incomplete fracture
- normal ossification
- centers of ossification of the elbow: CRITOE
- centers of ossification of the wrist
- growth plate
GU
Radiological examinations
There are some key investigations that you will probably not come across anywhere else in radiology, and some that are significantly different in pediatric patients.
Plain radiograph
Fluoroscopy
- upper GI contrast study
- contrast enema
- intussusception reduction
- micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)
Ultrasound
- hip ultrasound
- pyloric ultrasound
- cranial ultrasound
MRI
- fetal MRI
- neonatal brain MRI
- pediatric brain MRI
- standard sequences
- T1, T2, FLAIR, STIR, PDfs, DWI, SWI
- advanced sequences
- DTI, MRS, MR perfusion, ADC, fMRI
Pathology
CNS
- neonatal
- developmental anomalies
- agenesis of the corpus callosum
- Chiari I malformation
- Chiari II malformation
- posterior fossa cystic malformations
- grey matter heterotopia
- lissencephaly-pachygyria spectrum
- cortical dysplasia
- polymicrogyria
- schizencephaly
- hemimegalencephaly
- holoprosencephaly
- septo-optic dysplasia
- vein of Galen malformation
- brain response to injury
- ventricles
- infection and demyelination
- brain tumors
- posterior fossa (BEAM)
- supratentorial tumors
- intraventricular
- choroid plexus tumors
- SEGA (tuberous sclerosis)
- sellar and suprasellar
- phakomatoses
- parenchymal
- trauma
- spine
- other
- craniosynostosis
- cholesteatoma
- orbital cellulitis
- pediatric neck masses
Chest
- congenital
- sequestration
- CPAM (congenital pulmonary airways malformation)
- congenital diaphragmatic hernia
- tracheo-esophageal fistula
- neonates
- infection
- round pneumonia
- bronchiolitis
- pulmonary necrosis
- chronic lung disease
Heart and great vessels
- congenital heart disease
- cyanotic congenital heart disease
- acyanotic congenital heart disease
- obstructive
- aortic stenosis
- pulmonary stenosis
- coarctation of the aorta
- interrupted aortic arch
- Marfan syndrome
- Ehler-Danlos syndrome
- patent ductus arteriosus
- scimitar syndrome
- vascular ring
- anomalous innomate artery
- double aortic arch
- left aortic arch with aberrant right subclavian artery
- pulmonary sling
- right aortic arch
Musculoskeletal
- trauma
- fracture types
- incomplete fractures (vs complete)
- Salter-Harris fracture
- non-accidental injury
- metaphyseal fracture
- injuries by location
- upper limbs
- lower limb
- pelvis
- knee
- ankle
- fracture types
- non-traumatic
- hip
- slipped upper femoral epiphysis
- developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)
- Perthes disease (Legg-Calve-Perthes) (avascular necrosis)
- hip
- bone lesions
- non-aggressive
- indeterminate
- aggressive
- Ewing sarcoma
- osteosarcoma
- metastases
- leukaema/lymphoma
- multiple bone lesions
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- scoliosis
- skeletal dysplasias
- short limb skeletal dysplasia
- non-rhizomelic dwarfism (micromelic dwarfism)
- rhizomelic dwarfism
- lethal skeletal dysplasia
- limb deficiencies
- amelia
- meromelia
- non-limb shortening skeletal dysplasia
- osteogenesis imperfecta
Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary
- congenital
- neonatal intestinal obstruction
- esophageal atresia/tracheo-esophageal fistula (TOF)
- duodenal atresia
- ileal atresia
- biliary atresia
- Hirschsprung disease
- meconium plug syndrome
- meconium ileus
- anorectal malformation
- intestinal malrotation
- midgut volvulus
- annular pancreas
- non-bile-stained vomiting
- pyloric stenosis
- intussusception
- appendicitis
- common neoplasm
- hepatoblastoma
- neuroblastoma
Genitourinary
- cystic renal disease
- glomerulonephritis
- pyelonephritis
- renal malformations
- ectopic ureter
- posterior urethral valve
- urachal remnant
- vesicoureteric reflux
- pelviureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction
- vesicoureteric junction (VUJ) obstruction
- neuropathic bladder
- urinary tract infection
- Wilms tumor
- testes
- cloacal anomalies
- Mullerian duct anomalies