Palmaris longus muscle
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Knipe H, Hacking C, Bell D, et al. Palmaris longus muscle. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 05 Dec 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-23240
Permalink:
rID:
23240
Article created:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Henry Knipe had no recorded disclosures.
View Henry Knipe's current disclosures
Last revised:
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Craig Hacking had no recorded disclosures.
View Craig Hacking's current disclosures
Revisions:
10 times, by
6 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
Systems:
Sections:
Tags:
Synonyms:
- Palmaris longus muscles
- Palmaris longus (PL)
Palmaris longus (PL) muscle is a superficial, weak flexor of the wrist located in the anterior compartment of the forearm. It is one of the extrinsic muscles of the hand.
On this page:
Article:
Images:
Images:
Summary
- origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- insertion: palmar aponeurosis
- arterial supply: anterior ulnar recurrent artery
- innervation: median nerve
- action: weak flexor of the wrist and elbow; tightens palmar aponeurosis during power grip
Variant anatomy
Palmaris longus is often absent, more commonly unilaterally absent than bilaterally. There is ethnic variation in prevalence of absence:
- in ~3% of Asians
- in ~5% of African-Americans
- in ~14 (range 12-16%) of whites (Caucasians/Hispanics)
Related pathology
Due to its long tendon and short muscle belly, palmaris longus is often used as a donor tendon and its absence is not associated with any functional deficit 2.
References
- 1. Schuenke M, Schulte E, Schumacher U et-al. General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Thieme. (2010) ISBN:1604062924. Read it at Google Books - Find it at Amazon
- 2. Soltani AM, Peric M, Francis CS et-al. The variation in the absence of the palmaris longus in a multiethnic population of the United States: an epidemiological study. Plast Surg Int. 31;2012: 282959. Plast Surg Int (full text) - doi:10.1155/2012/282959 - Free text at pubmed - Pubmed citation
- 3. Standring, Susan, and Henry Gray. 2008. Gray's anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. [Edinburgh]: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier. http://www.clinicalkey.com/dura/browse/bookChapter/3-s2.0-B9780443066849X5001X
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Wrist
- Posterolateral rotatory instability of the elbow
- Anterior compartment of the forearm
- Accessory flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
- Flexor retinaculum (wrist)
- Carpal tunnel
- Distal biceps tendon reconstruction
- Antebrachial fascia
- MRI of the wrist (an approach)
- Pronator teres syndrome
- Extrinsic muscles of the hand
- Elbow
- Palmar aponeurosis
- Median nerve
- Common flexor origin of the elbow
- Radiocarpal joint
- Accessory abductor digiti minimi muscle (hand)
Cases:
- Median nerve injury
- Reversed palmaris longus muscle
- Reversed palmaris longus muscle
- Palmar aponeurosis (Gray's illustration)
- Extensor pollicis longus tendon tear
- Extensor pollicis longus tendon tear
- Wrist laceration (ultrasound)
- Self-inflicted wrist injury (ultrasound)
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis tendon tear
- Hypertrophied palmaris longus muscle
- Wrist ganglion
Related articles: Anatomy: Upper limb
-
skeleton of the upper limb
- clavicle
- scapula
- humerus
- radius
- ulna
- hand
- accessory ossicles of the upper limb
- accessory ossicles of the shoulder
- accessory ossicles of the elbow
-
accessory ossicles of the wrist (mnemonic)
- os centrale carpi
- os epilunate
- os epitriquetrum
- os styloideum
- os hamuli proprium
- lunula
- os triangulare
- trapezium secondarium
- os paratrapezium
- os radiostyloideum (persistent radial styloid)
- joints of the upper limb
-
pectoral girdle
-
shoulder joint
- articulations
- associated structures
- joint capsule
- bursae
- ligaments
- movements
- scapulothoracic joint
-
glenohumeral joint
- arm flexion
- arm extension
- arm abduction
- arm adduction
- arm internal rotation (medial rotation)
- arm external rotation (lateral rotation)
- circumduction
- arterial supply - scapular anastomosis
- ossification centers
-
shoulder joint
-
elbow joint
- proximal radioulnar joint
- ligaments
- associated structures
- movements
- alignment
- arterial supply - elbow anastomosis
- development
-
wrist joint
- articulations
-
ligaments
- intrinsic ligaments
- extrinsic ligaments
- radioscaphoid ligament
- dorsal intercarpal ligament
- dorsal radiotriquetral ligament
- dorsal radioulnar ligament
- volar radioulnar ligament
- radioscaphocapitate ligament
- long radiolunate ligament
- Vickers ligament
- short radiolunate ligament
- ulnolunate ligament
- ulnotriquetral ligament
- ulnocapitate ligament
- ulnar collateral ligament
- associated structures
- extensor retinaculum
- flexor retinaculum
- joint capsule
- movements
- alignment
- ossification centers
-
hand joints
- articulations
- carpometacarpal joint
-
metacarpophalangeal joints
- palmar ligament (plate)
- collateral ligament
-
interphalangeal joints
- palmar ligament (plate)
- collateral ligament
- movements
- ossification centers
- articulations
-
pectoral girdle
- spaces of the upper limb
- muscles of the upper limb
- shoulder girdle
- anterior compartment of the arm
- posterior compartment of the arm
-
anterior compartment of the forearm
- superficial
- intermediate
- deep
-
posterior compartment of the forearm (extensors)
- superficial
- deep
- muscles of the hand
-
accessory muscles
- elbow
- volar wrist midline
- palmaris longus profundus
- aberrant palmaris longus
- volar wrist radial-side
- accessory flexor digitorum superficialis indicis
- flexor indicis profundus
- flexor carpi radialis vel profundus
- accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus (Gantzer muscle, common)
- volar wrist ulnar-side
- dorsal wrist
- blood supply to the upper limb
-
arteries
- subclavian artery (mnemonic)
- axillary artery
- brachial artery (proximal portion)
- ulnar artery
- radial artery
- veins
-
arteries
- innervation of the upper limb
- intercostobrachial nerve
-
brachial plexus (mnemonic)
- branches from the roots
- branches from the trunks
- branches from the cords
- lateral cord
- posterior cord
- medial cord
- terminal branches
- lymphatic drainage of the upper limb
Unable to process the form. Check for errors and try again.