Parathyroid hyperplasia is the diffuse enlargement of the parathyroid glands and is a less common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Epidemiology
There is a female predilection (M:F = 1:3).
Clinical presentation
Most commonly an incidental finding of hypercalcemia in asymptomatic patients.
Pathology
In ~50% of cases, there is asymmetric enlargement of the parathyroid glands.
Etiology
- primary parathyroid hyperplasia
- secondary parathyroid hyperplasia
- renal failure
Radiographic features
Nuclear medicine (Tc-99m MIBI) is the current modality of choice. 4DCT has been shown to be specific but not sensitive.
Differential diagnosis
- double parathyroid adenoma
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