Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
Last revised by Travis Fahrenhorst-Jones on 22 Mar 2024
Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data
Citation:
Sair H, Fahrenhorst-Jones T, Elfeky M, et al. Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 19 Apr 2024) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-4776
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rID:
4776
Article created:
15 Oct 2008,
Haris Sair
Disclosures:
At the time the article was created Haris Sair had no recorded disclosures.
View Haris Sair's current disclosures
Last revised:
22 Mar 2024,
Travis Fahrenhorst-Jones ◉
Disclosures:
At the time the article was last revised Travis Fahrenhorst-Jones had no financial relationships to ineligible companies to disclose.
View Travis Fahrenhorst-Jones's current disclosures
Revisions:
12 times, by
9 contributors -
see full revision history and disclosures
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Sections:
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Synonyms:
- Persistent Carotid-Vertebrobasilar Anastomoses
- Persistent carotid-basilar artery anastomosis
The persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses are variant anatomical arterial communications between the anterior and posterior circulations due to abnormal embryological development of the vertebrobasilar system. They are named, with the exception of the proatlantal artery, using the cranial nerves with which they run:
-
persistent trigeminal artery
- arises from proximal cavernous ICA
- most common persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis
- two types - lateral and medial
- Saltzman classification
- type I: absent ipsilateral posterior communicating artery
- type II: fetal origin of ipsilateral posterior communicating artery
-
persistent otic (acoustic) artery
- controversial, perhaps non-existent
- arises from petrous ICA
- rare, as it is the first anastomosis to regress
-
persistent hypoglossal artery
- arises from cervical ICA at C1 to C3 levels
-
persistent proatlantal artery
- type I arises from internal carotid artery
- type II arises from external carotid artery
A mnemonic to help remember these persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses is HOT Pepper.
Quiz questions
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References
- 1. Uchino A, Sawada A, Takase Y et-al. MR angiography of anomalous branches of the internal carotid artery. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2003;181 (5): 1409-14. AJR Am J Roentgenol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 2. Luh GY, Dean BL, Tomsick TA et-al. The persistent fetal carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1999;172 (5): 1427-32. AJR Am J Roentgenol (citation) - Pubmed citation
- 3. Basekim CC, Silit E, Mutlu H et-al. Type I proatlantal artery with bilateral absence of the external carotid arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2004;25 (9): 1619-21. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol (full text) - Pubmed citation
- 4. Dimmick SJ, Faulder KC. Normal variants of the cerebral circulation at multidetector CT angiography. Radiographics. 2009;29 (4): 1027-43. Radiographics (full text) - doi:10.1148/rg.294085730 - Pubmed citation
Incoming Links
Articles:
- Internal carotid artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Basilar artery
- Persistent otic artery
- Persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
- Basilar artery hypoplasia
- Proatlantal artery
- Persistent primitive trigeminal artery
- Posterior cerebral circulation
- Circle of Willis
- Intracranial arteries (variants)
- Persistent communications between the carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries (mnemonic)
- Primitive arteries in the brain (mnemonic)
Cases:
- Persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Basilar artery hypoplasia
- Persistent hypoglossal artery and bovine arch
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Type II proatlantal artery
- Persistent hypoglossal artery
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Persistent primitive trigeminal artery (Saltzman I)
- Persistent trigeminal artery
- Proatlantal intersegmental artery
- Trigeminal artery and basilar ectasia
- Primitive trigeminal artery with fetal PCOM
- Pineal cyst and trigeminal artery
Multiple choice questions:
Related articles: Anatomy: Brain
-
brain
- grey matter
- white matter
-
cerebrum
-
cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon)
- cerebral lobes and gyri
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
-
occipital lobe
- occipital pole
- lingual gyrus
- fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37)
- calcarine (visual) cortex
- cuneus
- temporal lobe
- basal forebrain
- limbic system
- insula
-
cerebral sulci and fissures (A-Z)
- calcarine fissure
- callosal sulcus
- central (Rolandic) sulcus
- cingulate sulcus
- collateral sulcus
- inferior frontal sulcus
- inferior occipital sulcus
- inferior temporal sulcus
- interhemispheric fissure
- intraparietal sulcus
- lateral (Sylvian) sulcus
- lateral occipital sulcus
- marginal sulcus
- occipitotemporal sulcus
- olfactory sulcus
- paracentral sulcus
- paraolfactory sulcus
- parieto-occipital fissure
- posterior parolfactory sulcus
- precentral sulcus
- preoccipital notch
- postcentral sulcus
- rhinal sulcus
- rostral sulcus
- subparietal sulcus
- superior frontal sulcus
- superior occipital sulcus
- superior temporal sulcus
- cortical histology
- cerebral lobes and gyri
- white matter tracts
- deep grey matter
-
pituitary gland
- posterior pituitary and stalk (part of diencephalon)
- anterior pituitary
- inferior hypophyseal arterial circle
- diencephalon
-
cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon)
-
brainstem
- midbrain (mesencephalon)
- pons (part of metencephalon)
- medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
- white matter
-
grey matter
- non-cranial nerve
-
cranial nerve nuclei
- oculomotor nucleus
- Edinger-Westphal nucleus
- trochlear nucleus
- motor nucleus of CN V
- mesencephalic nucleus of CN V
- main sensory nucleus of CN V
- spinal nucleus of CN V
- abducent nucleus
- facial nucleus
- superior salivatory nucleus
- cochlear nuclei
- vestibular nuclei
- inferior salivatory nucleus
- solitary tract nucleus
- ambiguus nucleus
- dorsal vagal motor nucleus
- hypoglossal nucleus
-
cerebellum (part of metencephalon)
- vermis
- cerebellar hemisphere
- cerebellar peduncles
- cranial meninges (meninx primitiva)
- CSF spaces
-
cranial nerves (mnemonic)
- olfactory nerve (CN I)
- optic nerve (CN II)
- oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)
- trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
- abducens nerve (CN VI)
- facial nerve (CN VII) (segments mnemonic | branches mnemonic)
-
vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)
- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- functional neuroanatomy
- CNS development
- cerebral vascular supply
- arteries
- vascular territories
-
circle of Willis
- internal carotid artery (ICA) (segments)
- vertebral artery
-
normal variants
- intracranial arterial fenestration
- internal carotid artery (ICA)
- anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
- middle cerebral artery (MCA)
- posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
- basilar artery
- persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar artery anastomoses (mnemonic)
- vertebral artery
- ophthalmic artery
-
cerebral venous system
-
dural venous sinuses
- basilar venous plexus
- cavernous sinus (mnemonic)
- clival diploic veins
- inferior petro-occipital vein
- inferior petrosal sinus
- inferior sagittal sinus
- intercavernous sinus
- internal carotid artery venous plexus of Rektorzik
- jugular bulb
- marginal sinus
- occipital sinus
- sigmoid sinus
- sphenoparietal sinus
- straight sinus
- superior petrosal sinus
- superior sagittal sinus
- torcula herophili
- transverse sinus
-
cerebral veins
-
superficial veins of the brain
- superior cerebral veins (superficial cerebral veins)
- inferior cerebral veins
- superficial middle cerebral vein
- superior anastomotic vein (of Trolard)
- inferior anastomotic vein (of Labbe)
-
superficial veins of the brain
-
deep veins of the brain
- great cerebral vein (of Galen)
- venous circle of Trolard
- normal variants
-
dural venous sinuses
- arteries
- glymphatic pathway
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